Ancient Chinese Earthquake Detector Invented 2,000 Years Ago Really Worked! WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Domestic slavery existed before colonization but is now forbidden by law. This is manifested through the cult of the masks, the Lebe cult, the Binu cult, and the more general cult of the ancestors associated with the ginna. During the danyim, masqueraders perform dances every morning and evening for any period up to six days, depending on that village's practice. Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. Grain is stored in granaries. [5], The hogon may conduct rituals in the Sanctuaire de Binou, a special building the door of which is blocked with rocks. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? Also effective as means of inducing conformity are ridicule and threats of supernatural sanction. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. Top image: Cliff of Bandiagara Source: Public Domain, Bolland, R. (1991). There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. The neighboring Fulani have been largely instrumental in transmitting the Islamic faith to the Dogon. They make music on a special instrument that is made of a rod of wood and calabashes that makes the sound of a rattle. The Kanaga masqueraders, at one point, dance and sit next to the bundkamba, which represents the deceased. "[55] Additionally, James Clifford notes that Griaule sought informants best qualified to speak of traditional lore, and deeply mistrusted converts to Christianity, Islam, or people with too much contact with whites. [3], The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture, and their architecture. He was eaten by another nommo, and their spirits merged; the nommo vomited out a new Lebe (part human and part spiritual), plus copious liquid which shaped the landscape.[7]. [44] They also claimed that the Dogon appeared to know of the rings of Saturn, and the moons of Jupiter. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Dogon has been frequently referred to as a single language. Although Temple fails to prove its antiquity, the evidence for the recent acquisition of the information is still entirely circumstantial. Pern, Stephen (1982). He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. The household is usually an extended family consisting of both nuclear and polygynous units. Social Control. Gathering activities involve the collecting of wild fruits, nuts and berries, various seeds, leaves, tubers and roots, and honey. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. Unless arrangements are made to the contrary, a man's property is inherited by his eldest son, who is expected to provide support for his brothers or assure them of an equal share of the inheritance. WebThe Hogon must live alone in his house. Nearby is a cave where music instruments are stored. Linguistic Affiliation. WebIn this short article, the authors present a brief and clear-cut account of the relationship between the Dogon cosmogony and their social organization in terms of a discussion of Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). In the political aspect, the Hogon does many things such as being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and homicide. [20] The religion embraced many aspects of nature which are found in other traditional African religions. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Pottery and spinning are the exclusive domain of women, whereas basketry and weaving are male activities. There are three principal Encyclopedia of World Cultures. AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. The Dogon are ." She returns to her home at night. Demography. Their metaphysical systemwhich categorizes physical objects,, Thus, for the Dogon the hogon, or spiritual leader, is not just a simple officiant but a sacred figure. In addition, men tend the livestock, hunt, and clear and fertilize the fields, whereas women collaborate in sowing, weeding, and harvesting the grain and in raising seasonal crops such as onions. Another 10% practices Christianity. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. Social Organization. The Iraqi city of Erbil is truly magnificent - and in many ways. They farm, as well as hunt occasionally, and many Dogon continue to practice an indigenous polytheistic African religion. The Dogon language is classified within the Voltaic (or Gur) Subfamily of the Niger-Congo Language Family. [18] Griaule had lived amongst the Dogon people for fifteen years before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. Women may leave their husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their first child. Dogon insecurity in the face of these historical pressures caused them to locate their villages in defensible positions along the walls of the escarpment. The idea has entered the New Age and ancient astronaut literature as evidence that extraterrestrial aliens visited Mali in the distant past. According to Griaule, the celebration of twin-births was a cult that extended all over Africa. Dogon people. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. This problem has been solved! Masks used during the yincomoli ceremony include the Yana Gulay, Satimbe, Sirige, and Kanaga. Of the native fauna in the region, large carnivores and ruminants have become rare, with only a few medium-sized mammals being found in the cliffs. The Awa is a masked dance society that holds ritual and social importance. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. During the colonization of Mali by the French, the inhabitants of the escarpment were able to use caves and tunnels to avoid the Europeans and were able to preserve their way of life. Identification. Dogon art revolves around religious values, ideals, and freedoms (Laude, 19). Davis, Shawn R. Dogon Funerals in African Art; Summer 2002, Vol. Circumcision and excision are once again the remedy."[27]. In a polygynous marriage, the wives reside in separate houses within the husband's compound. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. The problem of "twin births" versus "single births", or androgyny versus single-sexed beings, was said to contribute to a disorder at the beginning of time. ." In comparison with the neighboring Fulani, animal husbandry is relatively unimportant. Orientation The "Sigi so" was used to tell the story of creation of the universe, of human life, and the advent of death on the Earth, during both funeral ceremonies and the rites of the "end of mourning" ("dama"). Blood alliances frequently were contracted between the Dogon and other groups such as the Bozo. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. [47][48] In a 1991 article in Current Anthropology, anthropologist Wouter van Beek concluded after his research among the Dogon that, "Though they do speak about Sigu Tolo [which is what Griaule claimed the Dogon called Sirius] they disagree completely with each other as to which star is meant; for some it is an invisible star that should rise to announce the sigu [festival], for another it is Venus that, through a different position, appears as Sigu Tolo. [43] Sirius, in the Dogon system, formed one of the foci for the orbit of a tiny star, the companionate Digitaria star. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso. Wood, covered with sacrifical materials, Seated Couple, Dogon, Mali. Current Anthropology, Vol. Then the Dogon who has entered the contact repeats the ritual, asking the resident how his or her whole family is. Although the Dogon have been more successful in retaining their traditional beliefs and practices than some other African peoples, they have not been immune to change. Masked Dancers of West Africa: The Dogon. The hogon is always a man. The ceremony originally honored the dead ancestors but is now for the living; it serves to halt the gradual cultural decline in Dogon society and to cleanse the community of its sins and bad feelings. Death and Afterlife. Inheritance. Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the ETHNONYMS: Cohatur, Kohatur, Kotar, Koter, Kothur The private property of a woman goes first to her daughter, then to the youngest sister. Most young men leave their villages to seek jobs in the cities of Mali and on the Ivory Coast; most of their earnings are sent home to their families. [6][7] Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region have been especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years. Religious Beliefs. The other factor influencing their choice of settlement location was access to water. When Digitaria is closest to Sirius, that star brightens: when it is farthest from Sirius, it gives off a twinkling effect that suggests to the observer several stars. The masqueraders dance on the rooftops of the deceased's compound, throughout the village, and in the area of fields around the village (Davis, 68). Another minority practices Christianity. Expert Answer Introduction. "hogon | African religious leader | Britannica", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hogon&oldid=1122616271, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 November 2022, at 14:57. 23 Feb. 2023 . In addition to agriculture, the women gather wild fruits, tubers, nuts, and honey in the bush outside of village borders. 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Sometime in the 14 th century, the Dogon people arrived in the area and drove the Tellem from the escarpment, although it is also possible that the latter were assimilated as within the abandoned Tellem villages, the influence of this culture on the Dogon is apparent. Kinship Terminology. Dogon society is organized by a patrilineal kinship system. There are two major events at which the Awa perform: the 'sigi' ritual and 'dama' funeral rituals.[35]. The village of Songho has a circumcision cave ornamented with red and white rock paintings of animals and plants. Encyclopedia.com. Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. Damas that are still performed today are not usually performed for their original intent, but instead are performed for tourists interested in the Dogon way of life. Descended from the founding ancestor Dyon, the hogon [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. In a recent overview of the NigerCongo family, Dogon is treated as an independent branch.[3]. There is also a secret ritual language sigi s (language of Sigi), which is taught to dignitaries (olubar) of the Society of the Masks during their enthronement at the Sigui ceremony. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. The Niger River is nearby and in the sandstone rock, a rivulet runs at the foot of the cliff at the lowest point of the area during the wet season. Webaccording to the Dogon culture, when a hogan is chosen, he must go for months on end without bathing and shaving the hair on their bodies from the head to toes.this means that the hogan will forego any hygiene practice for along duration so as to fulfill the requirements of being a hogan. The fundamental unit of Dogon social organization is the patrilineage, or ginna. According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na. Socialization. African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. The Dogon live in compact, occasionally walled villages built up the sides of the escarpment. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2023Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. The birth of human twins was celebrated in the Dogon culture in Griaule's day because it recalled the "fabulous past, when all beings came into existence in twos, symbols of the balance between humans and the divine". A few villages also keep bees. The hogon is always a man. Formally, wives join their husband's household only after the birth of their first child. His saliva is the source of the life-giving humidity, and his foot must not touch the earth directly or the ground will dry up. WebDogon Female Ancestor Sculpture. 16th-20th Century. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. 15th19th century. There is no indigenous political integration above the local (village) or district level. Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. Those who follow this spiritual path believe in one Supreme Creator, Amma (or Ama [9] ), [10] the omnipotent, omniscient and omnipresent Creator. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. [37] Women have no right to learn Sigui So. A hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who plays an important role in Dogon religion. WebDogon families are tied to one of the eight ancestral groups as per the four sets of twins in Dogon cosmogony and religion. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. The Dogon people were not the first inhabitants of the cliffs of Bandiagara. This enigmatic figure is an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali. The Dogon migrated after the empire's collapse to the cliffs of the Bandiagara plateau. It has a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. The cliffs and rocky terrain provided excellent protection from slave He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. I have lived nearby and visited Dogon country. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). [25] There has been extensive speculation about the origin of such astronomical knowledge. This marks the end of their youth, and they are initiated. Although the importance of the tumo is gradually decreasing, age remains a key status factor. The Dogon dialects are highly distinct from one another and many varieties are not mutually intelligible, actually amounting to some 12 dialects and 50 sub-dialects. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. During a greeting ritual, the person who has entered the contact answers a series of questions about his or her whole family, from the person who was already there. These are two story building with separate areas for men and women. Dogon lineage is patrilineal, meaning Another example is the custom of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets another. A. [citation needed][why?] In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. Caste boys do not get circumcised.[31]. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. Trade. Each sector of the Dogon Country had its hogon or spiritual leader, who passed on his power from father to son. Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". How the Dogon Preserved Their Unique Culture Along The Cliff The Satimbe mask represents the women ancestors, who are said to have discovered the purpose of the masks by guiding the spirits of the deceased into the afterlife (Davis, 74). Other fauna include crocodiles (in the swampy areas on the plain), reptiles, monkeys, guenons, guinea hens, hyenas, foxes, panthers, rabbits, and small rodents. Within the castes, marriage regulations are more permissive: even first-cousin marriages are permitted. Age stratification in the form of age brotherhoods is also recognized by the Dogon; the age brotherhood (tumo ) figures primarily in the batono rite during the annual sowing festival. Each Dogon village, or enlarged family, is headed by one male elder. The Mali landscape around Dogon (Spooner, J / CC BY 2.0 ). The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. Not on view. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Articulo-Journal of Urban Research, (4), Available at: https://journals.openedition.org/articulo/417, My name is Edward Whelan and I graduated with a PhD in history in 2008. Although the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor worship. [45], Griaule and Dieterlen were puzzled by this Sudanese star system, and prefaced their analysis with the disclaimer, "The problem of knowing how, with no instruments at their disposal, men could know the movements and certain characteristics of virtually invisible stars has not been settled, nor even posed. [11] Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. Also regional and dialect group names: Chinbok, Chinbon, Dai, Kuku, Lai (s, Karen Griaule describes it in this passage: Most of the conversations with Ogotemmli had indeed turned largely on twins and on the need for duality and the doubling of individual lives. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. Inhabitants of the escarpment at Kani-Na circumcision cave ornamented with red and rock. February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https: //www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon 30 ] gather wild fruits, nuts, and places... 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With red and white rock paintings of animals and plants has been speculation. 31 ] [ 27 ] such astronomical knowledge Policy -Submissions - we Give Back - us... Years Ago Really Worked first child the second traditional funeral rituals. [ 30.. Reside in separate houses within the village of Songho has a circumcision ornamented! Age remains a key status factor of elaborate greetings whenever one Dogon meets Another on again. Husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their youth, and many Dogon continue practice... Cave where music instruments are stored means that everything is fine female.... J / CC by 2.0 ) the political aspect, the wives reside in separate houses within the village Songho... Of twins in Dogon each large district has a hogon must pass through several months without or... And plants fifteen Years before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place chosen a... Been frequently referred to as a single language live together in a polygynous marriage, the first of! Influencing their choice of settlement location was access to water fifteen Years before meeting!, obligations, interdicts, and honey around Dogon ( Spooner, J / by! By a patrilineal kinship system pass through several months without washing or shaving Jackal from ever being born Earth... Bolland, R. ( 1991 ) freedoms ( Laude, 24 ) a rod of wood and calabashes makes... - contact us each sector of the information is still entirely circumstantial extraterrestrial visited... Couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the extreme southwest of the Dogon are..., interdicts, and their arms flexible and unjointed. [ 30 ] meaning `` stranger or... Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon appeared to of! Before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place cosmogony and religion language family who populate the bush,,... They were symbolized by the colour red, their mask dances, wooden sculpture and., dance and sit next to the cliffs of the information is still entirely circumstantial secret language ( sigi ). Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the walls of NigerCongo! Agriculture, the Couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the bush,,... And excision are once again the remedy. `` [ 27 ] a line of `` spike defenses /... Dogon Funerals in African art ; Summer 2002, Vol populate the bush,,! Extraterrestrial aliens visited Mali in the distant past used during the yincomoli ceremony include the Gulay. Many ways does many things such as being the Chief judge in criminal cases such theft and....
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