eelv standard interface specification eelv standard interface specification
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11.04.2023

eelv standard interface specificationeelv standard interface specification


0000005030 00000 n 0000001699 00000 n K0iABZyCAP8C@&*CP=#t] 4}a ;GDxJ> ,_@FXDBX$!k"EHqaYbVabJ0cVL6f3bX'?v 6-V``[a;p~\2n5 &x*sb|! . %%EOF The launch occurred on December 23, 2018.[40]. [7A\SwBOK/X/_Q>QG[ `Aaac#*Z;8cq>[&IIMST`kh&45YYF9=X_,,S-,Y)YXmk]c}jc-v};]N"&1=xtv(}'{'IY) -rqr.d._xpUZMvm=+KG^WWbj>:>>>v}/avO8 R'O* u/7svAZ6r4[ZDX$22L)966@D1{2?=ben6hy. {,M?TSwjj:2U|=ney(ymjvkeY&AeZDuL2 M#oWX~s iAzj]:a[Fd U?Vi5p5Zq,9,bZ/@,%, 6`#@)4I7,nCsSXDiAG'By"yeGy)h\s1{.D._"e-`uM67h2I ]_R)4I}I ? Compliance with Standard Interface Specification (SIS) - Defines the standard interface between the payload and the launch system. 2774 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<250AE161C7F7FC4982A3B8062B0E51BA>]/Index[2762 23]/Info 2761 0 R/Length 79/Prev 495466/Root 2763 0 R/Size 2785/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 0000001361 00000 n 0000002358 00000 n 4.0,` 3p H.Hi@A> The ESPAStar platform's 6 payload ports are capable of accommodating any combination of up to 6 hosted and 12 separable (fly-away) payloads (maximum 1 hosted or 2 separables per port). [ /ICCBased 18 0 R ] [47][48], The contract type for the phase 2 contracts is new for US government launches as it will be a "firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery" type of launch contract. Either a 4m or 5m fairing encapsulates the payload. [24] The USAF and SpaceX settled the lawsuit in Jan 2015 by opening up more launches to competitive bidding. [ /ICCBased 12 0 R ] [48], Northrop Grumman was awarded US$792 million of phase 1 funding in 2018 for development of OmegA. EELV SIS Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Standard Interface Specification, 2011 (not cleared for public circulation) LSP-REQ-317.01B Launch Services Program (LSP) Program Level Dispenser and CubeSat Requirements Document MIL-STD-1540C Military Standard Test Requirements for Launch, Upper-Stage, and Space Vehicles /TT4 11 0 R >> >> That strategy was designed to (1) . EELV Standard Interface Specification - Version 6.0 2. trailer <<8D9465B782A042F99BA9A4986B1592D1>]/Prev 881083>> startxref 0 %%EOF 59 0 obj <>stream The second stage (known as Centaur) is powered by the RL-10A engine. [13] Boeing and Lockheed Martin were each awarded US$500 million for the final phase of the bid. [38] This launcher features a reusable first stage and fairings, which lowers the cost per mission. G. E. Sanford 1 & J. S. Welsh 2 . 0000004093 00000 n hb```B ;6hvfa. An Atlas V XYZ will have a 4.2-or-5.4-meter (14 or 18ft) diameter payload fairing, Y solid rocket boosters (0-5), and Z RL-10's on the Centaur upper stage (1-2). 0000087266 00000 n As of 2019, these launch vehicles were the primary methods for launching U.S. military satellites, along with the Falcon 9 developed by SpaceX. Northrop Grumman hardware and software enables multiple missions on single launch, Mission launched onboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket, Source: Space News. capability, a standard payload interface, support systems, mission integration (includes mission unique requirements), flight instrumentation and range interfaces, special studies, post-flight data . [47] In 2020, Northrop Grumman announced the cancellation of OmegA. E6S2)212 "l+&Y4P%\%g|eTI (L 0_&l2E 9r9h xgIbifSb1+MxL0oE%YmhYh~S=zU&AYl/ $ZU m@O l^'lsk.+7o9V;?#I3eEKDd9i,UQ h6'~khu_ }9PIo= C#$n?z}[1 RFP F04701-97-R-0008 19 June 1998 ii . [36] As of 10November2022[update], 19 launches remain. endobj xXn8+84 3m s?0d)!#fDQb-U!~$?ORR /p_)'a}^vh#|Z8+j-v$2c{\u>y-_{ZVV%mr|u|~/a& d0S&/SJig=0QtN&?iHpzje1$Zu>)4{^D)%g/(M%@%@^t`gGe6>a409$"e FA/|W z>q5.~iQXwID:!c The RSS is offered only onEvolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) LVs certified to launch National Security Space missions; hence, APLs must not violate EELV requirements documented in the EELV Standard Interface Specification (SIS) and/or System Performance Requirement Document (SPRD). A new EELV Acquisition Strategy was approved in November 2011 which recognizes only the Atlas V and Delta IV can currently provide reliable launch services to meet NSS requirements but also seeks to take advantage of the growing potential of additional commercial space launch providers. 0000009026 00000 n 15 0 obj hb```,l? 4 The NSSL system includes launch vehicles, launch capability, a standard payload interface, support systems, mission integration (includes mission unique requirements), flight instrumentation and range interfaces . %PDF-1.3 APL requirements are not addressed in the SIS but their In the event, no phase 2 funding from the US government was forthcoming after August 2020 when ULA Vulcan and SpaceX were selected by the Air Force. %PDF-1.3 Thompson. EELV secondary payload adapter (ESPA) static qualification tests Download PDF. Vehicles are defined by the number of solids and the width of the payload fairing. . 97 24 New ICD Revisions in Development 8/22/2022: UPREVISIONS RELEASED << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /TT2 9 0 R VwSX$qjDMjdJpIo.|];"P+ S]^M%f{6x57>Z"}}2)p"B1dKwh[h!t!j)L[C@|}TUaH6hFHTFLV^Y#8g3Tx]!y;Tc^>ME|= 9WTsD. EELV SIS Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Standard Interface Specification, 2011 (not cleared for public circulation) LSP-REQ-317.01B Launch Services Program (LSP) Program Level Dispenser and . endstream endobj startxref K0iABZyCAP8C@&*CP=#t] 4}a ;GDxJ> ,_@FXDBX$!k"EHqaYbVabJ0cVL6f3bX'?v 6-V``[a;p~\2n5 &x*sb|! 0000000776 00000 n As of September 2019, it has two manifested classified national security flights for the USAF in 2021.[43][44][45]. Category A payloads fit within a 4m diameter payload envelope, category B payloads fit within a 5m diameter payload envelope, and category C payloads require an extended 5m diameter envelope. We encourage you to use one of these browsers for the best experience. [50], ULA was awarded $967 million of phase 1 funding for further development of Vulcan as a potential competitor in future contracts. The EELV program would maintain current mass-to-orbit capability while increasing launch rate and decreasing costs. National Security Space Launch ( NSSL) formerly Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) from 1994 to 2019 is a program of the United States Space Force (USSF) intended to assure access to space for United States Department of Defense and other United States government payloads. These launch vehicles provide critical spacelift capability to support Department of Defense and other National Security missions (together known as National Security Space (NSS) missions). In working to introduce competition into launch contracts, the Air Force is changing its acquisition approach for launch services, including the amount of cost and performance data that it planned to obtain under future launch contracts. 0000135929 00000 n %PDF-1.6 % Delta IV Payload Planners Guide - October 1999 [46] On 12 August 2019, ULA submitted Vulcan Centaur for phase 2 of the USAF's launch services competition. 2774 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<250AE161C7F7FC4982A3B8062B0E51BA>]/Index[2762 23]/Info 2761 0 R/Length 79/Prev 495466/Root 2763 0 R/Size 2785/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream #ga-ad {display: none;} EELVs were to reduce costs by being based on standardized fairings, liquid core vehicles, upper stages, and solid rocket boosters. The EELV system included launch vehicles, infrastructure, support systems, and interfaces. % In October 2018, the USAF awarded development funding to ULA, NGIS, and Blue Origin to further the design of their rockets before a subsequent competition for award to build the launch vehicles. The Delta IV Medium, Medium-Plus and Heavy configurations are evolved from flight proven Delta II and Delta III systems while incorporating the latest technology into a family of vehicles maximizing the use of common hardware. The second stage (known as Centaur) is powered by the RL-10A engine. 0000003910 00000 n The EELV competition was expected to produce the next generation of launch vehicles to replace all medium to heavy launchers, Lockheed Martin's Atlas, Titan II and Titan IV series, and McDonnell Douglas's Delta series, with a single family of vehicles capable of launching medium and heavy payloads into orbit at a significantly lower cost. The 4m diameter DCSS was retired with the Delta IV Medium after the 22 August 2019 launch of a GPS-III satellite on a Delta IV M+(4,2) two SRBs, and a 4m diameter DCSS and payload fairing. - The EELV program is a funded U.S. Air Force acquisition program of record that provides space launch services for national security space (NSS) payloads. DOD's Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program is the primary provider of launch vehicles for U.S. military and intelligence satellites. trailer ' Zk! $l$T4QOt"y\b)AI&NI$R$)TIj"]&=&!:dGrY@^O$ _%?P(&OJEBN9J@y@yCR nXZOD}J}/G3k{%Ow_.'_!JQ@SVF=IEbbbb5Q%O@%!ByM:e0G7 e%e[(R0`3R46i^)*n*|"fLUomO0j&jajj.w_4zj=U45n4hZZZ^0Tf%9->=cXgN]. Making space accessible. 0000010365 00000 n 1320 [33][34], Each Atlas V launch vehicle is based on a Common Core Booster powered by one NPO Energomash RD-180 engine with two combustion chambers and a Centaur upper stage powered by one or two Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne RL10A-4-2 engines. endobj SpaceX and ULA were the two vendors selected via the competition to supply launches to the US military in the 20222027 timeframe. 0000006428 00000 n endstream endobj startxref Potential savings would be generated through the commercial launch market and shared development by government and commercial customers. Program cost savings are achieved through operability improvements such as the use of common components and infrastructure, a standard payload interface, standardized launch pads and reduced on-pad processing; and acquisition improvements such as launch vehicle block buys. This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 18:43. 0000003406 00000 n Falcon Heavy has been certified for two Phase 1A reference orbits and as of 2019, "[i]t's not certified for all of our most stressing national security space orbits," Thompson said. hb```,l? [8] Some of the reasons why assured access to space is a priority for the United States are stated in National Presidential Directive Number 40, which reads: Access to space through U.S. space transportation capabilities is essential to: The United States, therefore, must maintain robust, responsive, and resilient U.S. space transportation capabilities to assure access to space. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. hWn8>(o@N@-l5:l;C8y!e -TPAqPi"`[#=yb#\d8B${t)"1`c]+e2a^H5U`j"q!DqttMo"!e]N>f1/ktOD3G=M/&n y6[)*zN [10] The initial bids came from four major defense contractors: Lockheed Martin, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Alliant Techsystems. Search 209,668,378 papers from all fields of science . 0000002177 00000 n stream stream The Atlas V family uses a Russian RD-180 to power the first stage Common Core Booster. Accommodates combinations of hosted (6 max) or separable (12 max) payloads at all mounting ports, 1.6 Mbps downlink, AFSCN-compatible, Type 1 encryption, EELV SIS Rev B compliant Full complement of electrical interfaces. . endobj The payload interface at each port has been standardized, allowing for hosted and separable payload interchangeability, late payload integration and manifest changes. The EELV was expected handle the bulk of the U.S. government's launch requirements after the year 2000 and was also expected to be used for commercial applications. 0 This would be difficult to achieve since projections showed that the EELV would not be able to meet the requirements of as much as 42 percent of the estimated commercial market. ULA is expected to handle 60 percent of the launches while SpaceX will handle 40 percent of the launches over the five-year period. ULA also asserted that the Phase 1A launch is basically a lowest price, technically acceptable competition, unsuitable for launch contracts" 2784 0 obj <>stream It uses 457,295 lbs (207,425 kg) of liquid oxygen and 169,008 lbs (76,660 kg) RP-1 rocket fuel propellants. After many years of government-funded studies on the subject of modernized launch vehicle systems, the Air Force finally developed a "roadmap" in 1994 for the acquisition of Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles (EELVs) to replace the DELTA IIs, ATLAS IIs, and TITAN IVs then in use at Cape Canaveral. 0000068253 00000 n 1401 Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Phase 1A Competitive Acquisition . hbbd```b`` D:H3YH22H5,)qS =A&]8 I endobj Up to five Aerojet Rocketdyne Graphite-Epoxy Motor solid rocket boosters can be added to increase vehicle performance, and two diameters of payload fairing are available. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Standard Interface Specification (SIS) Air Force Instruction 10-1202, Space Test Program Management Air Force Instruction 10-1202_AFSPCSUP, Space Test Program Management AFSPCI 13-1213, Launch Scheduling and Forecasting Procedures 1.5.2 Department of Defense Documents [12], In 2003, Boeing was found to be in possession of proprietary documents from Lockheed Martin. Blue Origin also filed a pre-award protest of the request for proposal arguing that the requirements were ambiguous. F# q1- -7"j`Rg1)ciyN\N0]/>CaWLqU,jEh3%2 W48u$0DxzI iz55XJ#p9$"G8)nc5-}(a.6j]?eD.8 6~5Y|fro xA7AmGxnqt_,MmOw0Uvdj t!:$`v0m5c [35], A three-digit (XYZ) naming convention is used for the Atlas V configuration identification. THE EVOLVED EXPENDABLE LAUNCH VEHICLE (EELV) STANDARD INTERFACE SPECIFICATION FOR SPACE VEHICLE ACCOMMODATIONS Frank L. Knight. 2023 Northrop Grumman. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Standard Interface Specification (SIS) Air Force Instruction 10-1202, Space Test Program Management Air Force Instruction 10-1202_AFSPCSUP, Space Test Program Management AFSPCI 13-1213, Launch Scheduling and Forecasting Procedures 1.5.2 Department of Defense Documents The payload interface at each port has been standardized, allowing for hosted and separable payload inter-changeability, late payload integration, .3\r_Yq*L_w+]eD]cIIIOAu_)3iB%a+]3='/40CiU@L(sYfLH$%YjgGeQn~5f5wugv5k\Nw]m mHFenQQ`hBBQ-[lllfj"^bO%Y}WwvwXbY^]WVa[q`id2JjG{m>PkAmag_DHGGu;776qoC{P38!9-?|gK9w~B:Wt>^rUg9];}}_~imp}]/}.{^=}^?z8hc' 0000002686 00000 n ESPA (Secondary Payload Adapter) on EELV (Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle) configurations a multiple launch system for small satellites used in the STP . endstream Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) standard interface specification. This requirement has been satisfied by the Falcon Heavy test flight in February 2018, Arabsat-6A in April 2019, and the STP-2 launch in June 2019. The approach taken in the development of. The ELC contract, unlike other payments that the Air Force makes to ULA for launch services, subsidizes costs not directly related to the launch-vehicle hardware, including the depreciation of ULAs launch vehicles and infrastructure. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Secondary Payload Adapter System Interface Specifications For . 2612 2 0 obj After a two-year solicitation and competition process in 20182020, in August 2020 the USSF selected SpaceX (F9 and FH) and ULA's yet-to-be-certified Vulcan Centaur to supply US military launch requirements in 20222027. 27 0 obj <> endobj xref << /Length 22 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Boeing developed the Delta IV based around Common Booster Cores and the Delta Cryogenic Second Stage, while Lockheed Martin developed the Atlas V based around Common Core Boosters and the Centaur upper stage. stream 13 0 obj The ESPAStar platform leverages the available mass margin from any EELV launch to provide an affordable path to space for payloads. O*?f`gC/O+FFGGz)~wgbk?J9mdwi?cOO?w| x&mf RFP F04701-97-R-0008 19 June 1998 ii This page intentionally left blank. ULA stated it did not have any Atlas engines available to bid in order to submit a timely proposal. {!Kd#5:#[T$FhTs;*(Ai((4N|radRbt!BHx2eq(*xiTxa$m|+Id99uLA@(C!#Oro;{N4"#. 0000001712 00000 n The Medium & Medium-Plus vehicles use a single Common Booster Core (CBC), while the Heavy variant uses three CBCs. 0000058657 00000 n endobj May 2016 : Space and Missile Systems Center . Announced performance requirements include:[29][30]. The USAF began the EELV program in 1994, following many years of government-funded studies into improved systems and architecture. Download PDF. xkqW@F%N(ISI>bUqE-9? U~2=s?/*Vni{w}]V_(?OnSy7W7e/Myug p=gOnJZ~ Mylo>)*1wNMY-sym{9.N u]%r 1qBuoFIrGmv vf.lO|RBhm7UVgo#`bME :q-vp{MfuyC@m/4[lV9/|ou;4;TwL==|X[e%" k+Xl["9/{+oOud&p>qfCxMa_&!+,P( xlvB^F,d` ;mnf4fb3/!s}Wz#I/MeFg_$ob$bOR JDs5~7^U.BV*p3]2j,BBR3Pq2,LnVL{gLj}U;g;bqGQY7C85V7y3fi=fp"n0+ddobk The Northrop Grumman name and logos are registered trademarks of Northrop Grumman. 0 ?fA(4 F 1@DCPog|yReAZirIrj{*0X}0b{37Vl [mvK7!,ubg-Yj0S(.rIW~,vMJro 8>-\8~-Yw0z UP2^PoDAzuEu;*YRs.KA=^>l=bLe*qV&y.vt%?k7MI(x8 zluC m^"4~b7 xBHNxZ9RRJhkL1hV0 LHJ9KDv"iE^p!+X$(/MDP_dP =|>hPHICt4B@n#,sqBGFY!u&i-dTr2e$'bWv7BiT|nT^F)U9K,rN0bi\2tR0,; Yz{:|*sO=c>z+Mf2BB.4Y!KRcW The goal was the creation of a cost-efficient and reliable family (or families) of "right size" spacelifters based on standardized fairings, liquid core vehicles, upper stages, and solid rockets. 0 4 0 obj Blue Origin was awarded $500 million of phase 1 funding for further development of New Glenn as a potential competitor in future contracts. NASA Mission Specific ESPA SIS 4 LSP-REQ-317.01B Launch Services Program Program Level Dispenser and CubeSat 0000001182 00000 n APL requirements are not addressed in the SIS but their Expendable launch system program of the United States Space Force, List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (20102019) 2018, "Space Systems Command Celebrates First Anniversary as USSF Field Command", "JUST IN: National Reconnaissance Office Embracing Commercial Tech", "Defense Primer: National Security Space Launch", "EELV isn't what it used to be: Air Force changes launch program name", "Air Force establishes National Security Space Launch program", "National Security Presidential Directive 40: U.S. Space Transportation Policy", "Two Former Boeing Managers Charged in Plot to Steal Trade Secrets from Lockheed Martin", "Pentagon strips 7 launches from Boeing Delta 4 rocket", "Reusable Successor To EELV Moving Ahead", "Prototype Reusable Rocket Effort Felled by U.S. Budget Woes", "EELV Update: A Split Decision and a New Beginning", "SpaceX Awarded Two EELV-Class Missions from the United States Air Force", "After successful landing, SpaceX to sue Air Force to compete for launch contracts", "SpaceX wins intermediate victory over US in launch contract case", "SpaceX says rocket purchases violate Russian sanctions, gets injunction", "SpaceX elbows into Air Force launch program after dropping lawsuit", "SpaceX, Air Force Settle Lawsuit over ULA Blockbuy", "SpaceX Falcon 9 Certified for Military Launches", "SpaceX wins $82 million contract for 2018 Falcon 9 launch of GPS 3 satellite", Nine reference orbits & payloads for USDoD space missions, "DOD Releases Fiscal Year 2021 Budget Proposal", "ULA Delta IV launches the NROL-25 military satellite from VAFB", "United Launch Alliance Successfully Launches GPS III Satellite for U.S. Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center", "Delta IV Medium's well-earned retirement with GPS finale", "ULA stops selling its centerpiece Atlas V, setting path for the rocket's retirement", "ULA targeting September 26 for next Delta 4-Heavy launch attempt", "SpaceX flies historic 10th mission of a Falcon 9 as Starlink constellation expands", "Air Force requirements will keep SpaceX from landing Falcon 9 booster after GPS launch", "Air Force certified Falcon Heavy for national security launch, but more work needed to meet required orbits", "Air Force certified Falcon Heavy for national security launch but more work needed to meet required orbits", SpaceX wins $130 million military launch contract for Falcon Heavy, U.S. department of defense - Contracts for February 19, 2019, SMC Issues Final RFP For Five EELV Launches; SBIRS & 4 Classified Payloads, "Air Force Awards Launch Vehicle Development Contracts to Blue Origin Northrop Grummand ULA", "Pentagon picks SpaceX and ULA to remain its primary launch providers", "In a consequential decision, Air Force picks its rockets for mid-2020s launches", "Northrop Grumman to terminate OmegA rocket program", "Vulcan Centaur Rocket on Schedule for First Flight in 2021: ULA Submits Proposal for U.S. Air Force's Launch Services Competition", "Blue Origin files protest challenging 'flawed' Air Force strategy for choosing launches", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Security_Space_Launch&oldid=1140354433, Space launch vehicles of the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2022, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from June 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. place critical United States Government assets and capabilities into space; augment space-based capabilities in a timely manner in the event of increased operational needs or minimize disruptions due to on-orbit satellite failures, launch failures, or deliberate actions against U.S. space assets; support government and commercial human space flight. RFP F04701-97-R-0008 19 June 1998 ii By 2016 the Air Force was working to introduce competition into the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program. Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Rideshare User's Guide . endstream endobj startxref O*?f`gC/O+FFGGz)~wgbk?J9mdwi?cOO?w| x&mf xwTS7" %z ;HQIP&vDF)VdTG"cEb PQDEk 5Yg} PtX4X\XffGD=H.d,P&s"7C$ Delta IV CBCs and DCSSs are integrated horizontally before being transported to the launchpad. [12] Boeing was awarded a contract for 19 out of the 28 launches; Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for the other 9. This website is best viewed in browsers such as: Edge, Firefox, Chrome, or Safari. 6 0 obj stream -2- 0000101481 00000 n 0000017080 00000 n The Delta IV family is capable of carrying 10,818 kg (23,851 lbs) to geosynchronous transfer orbit, and can lift 21,772 kg (48,000 lbs) to low-Earth orbit. [25][26] The USAF certified the Falcon 9 in May 2015,[27] and in 2016 SpaceX won a contract under the EELV program to launch a GPS Block III satellite payload to MEO. It has been certified for the NSSL program after the STP-2 launch completed on 25 June 2019, as confirmed by the commander of the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center, Lt. Gen. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> [5] Delta IV Medium was retired in August 2019. Abstract. 0000070080 00000 n 31-03-2017 19:36:21 ZULU, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Launch Service Agreements (LSA) Draft Request for Proposal (RFP). @(l(MW a 67E1efWmh8s`e3XY|t+$8f`~!Af6 Dy3 In paying ULA for such fixed launch costs and executing the EELV program under a cost-plus contract, the DoD has reimbursed ULA for allowable, reasonable, and allocable costs for its launches, while requiring ULA to reimburse it on a per-launch basis for launches that ULA sells to its non-DoD customers. 5 0 obj 0000010525 00000 n To do so, ULA has had to maintain sufficient cost accounting systems within the company.

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