. . Figure 1. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. . (Chapter 1:A New Sense of Purpose, pg24). . Summary We all view the ubiquitous term 'sustainability' as a worthwhile goal. . tivity and imagination in the search for solutions. Essay on Sustainable Livelihood Framework/Approach. summer2001/thirtle.pdf (DFID Report, 7946). Sustainable Livelihoods COMO Foundation encourages fresh approaches to closing the income and opportunity gap for women and girls, with a view to strengthening societies as a whole. Drawing on workshop papers, this section shows how an asset accumulation framework informs poverty reduction analysis and operational interventions in a range of contexts and sectors. mon factor in the exclusion of agricultural products from de-, progressively eliminated another series of support, by South Korea (64%), Japan (59%), the EU (35%) and the, taining the subsidy system, with more than 80 billion dollars, per year in agricultural subsidies via its Common Agriculture, sult of this concentration, producers have a reduced market, for the sale of the final product, the ability to reduce compe-. . . . . Livelihood Options? . in which urban wholesale markets participated. . when there is detailed knowledge of the subject at hand. Women are the cornerstone of small-scale agriculture, great difficulty in obtaining land, credit and other productive. . . It is done in such a way. . . . . It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable live their lives and the importance of policies and institutions. . . . . . require others (state or private sector) to fulfill their obligations accorgding to the rights apporach. . . . . . . . . [7] These had been found to be too narrow because they focused only on certain aspects or manifestations of poverty, such as low income, or did not consider other vital aspects of poverty such as vulnerability and social exclusion. . . . having a tool kit and using it flexibly and correctly when it, THE SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD APPROACH AND ITS. How important is agricultural growth to poverty reduction? . In the 21st century livelihoods will be needed by perhaps two or three times the present human population. . Changes in the state practices and policies. Livelihood Strategies . A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.' The most effective means for agricultural policy to respond to HIV/AIDS will entail stepping up support for agricultural science and technology development, extension systems, and input and crop market development to improve the agricultural sector's potential to raise living standards in highly affected rural communities. In 1993 it was adopted by Oxfam to improve its aims and strategies, and the DFID created a Sustainable Livelihood Support Office in 1999 (Morse et al 2009). . . . . It considers five. This article provides a brief overview of the major switches in rural development thinking that have occurred over the past half-century or so. . . . . Ways can be sought to multiply livelihoods by increasing resource-use intensity and the diversity and complexity of small-farming livelihood systems, and by small- scale economic synergy. to land: the institutions involved include ownership struc-. . . The answer is a cautious ‘yes’, since these approaches potentially permit the cross-sectoral and multi-occupational character of contemporary rural livelihoods in low-income countries to be placed centre-stage in efforts to reduce rural poverty. . The book’s central conclusion is that we must move beyond the concept of sustainable livelihood itself, with its in-built polarities between developed and developing nations, and embrace a more global notion of ‘sustainable lifestyle’; a more nuanced and inclusive approach that encompasses not just how we make a sustainable living, but how we can live sustainable lives. . duras) as a means to increase land and work productivity. left to the good will of private companies. sustainable, multi-level, holistic and dynamic. supplies the goods and services: if in a famine it supplies. a rice thresher for a cooperative). The concept of Sustainable Livelihood (SL) is an attempt to go beyond the conventional definitions and approaches to poverty eradication. . . When the environment in which poor people live can, uate the possibilities of adaptation, including the possible. countries which depend on petrol imports. . (establishing new programmes, limit ourselves to check that our counterparts have all the, information that appears on the question lists about, lihood Means. . . . Reconciling the variety of SL strategies of poor people, projects to programmes, can facilitate supporting a diver-, There is more trade expansion in services and industry than. . . . . negotiation costs (costs of negotiating the terms of the exchange) and enforcement costs (costs of enforcing the contract). Violence against women has reached alarming levels, es UNFPA 2005, CGPEI); female rapes used as a “weap. A blog I wrote back then for the STEPS Centre expressed the hope that this was perhaps […] This was an ambitious agenda for the whole world, aiming to transform development towards sustainability, while leaving no-one behind. . . . . . . . 3.1. A livelihood is environmentally sustainable when it maintains or enhances the local and global assets on which livelihoods depend, and has net beneficial effects on other livelihoods. . . The principles of SLA fit well with those of. . . . . . . the seven largest investors in developing countries. In conclusion, the paper briefly considers some of the practical, methodological and operational implications of a sustainable livelihoods approach. . ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. . The article concludes by asking whether sustainable livelihoods approaches can be interpreted as providing a new or different way forward for rural development in the future. . . . poorer population in less developed countries. . which fitting climate change is a principal objective. . . . . operate with regard to the products which concern us: market? Not affiliated . These include: communal assets in urban and rural contexts (housing, human settlements and natural resource management); asset building in post disaster and fragile state contexts; making markets work for the poor (financial assets, international assets and transnational asset accumulation); and assets, rights and citizenship. . vention, from which they derive legitimacy. . against in their use and control of financial assets. . . of the last Strategic Plan (which is centred on trade, mar-, tial Services and Gender Justice Change Goals, able Livelihood., which will also include the political, that will be developed over time through discussions with, In its initial stages the SL approach was. livelihoods improve thanks to transactions. . . How does an asset accumulation approach inform practice in different contexts or sectors? . viding a safe legal framework for contracts. strategies being pursued among other factors. We identify four processes that have been underemphasized in previous analysis: 1) the momentum of long-term population growth rates; 2) substantial underemployment in these countries' informal sectors; 3) sectoral declines in land-to-person ratios in the smallholder farming sectors; and 4) effects of food and input marketing reforms on shifts in cropping patterns. Jonny Gressel considers approaches for generating income from biofuels and the opportunities this required shift to production agriculture offers to less developed countries and to industry. The book’s central conclusion is that we must move beyond the concept of sustainable livelihood itself, with its in-built polarities between developed and developing nations, and embrace a more global notion of ‘sustainable lifestyle’; a more nuanced and inclusive approach that encompasses not just how we make a sustainable living, but how we can live sustainable lives. The DFID framework (redrawn) . . . . . . Facilitation and provision of the RBA in SL, Box 1. rights and obligations of each one clear. 5.2. . . . . . they are vital for the sustainability of the human race. . ed history; more than 170 million people have lost their lives, as “complex emergencies” in order to distinguish them from, This has given rise to massive population displacements, complex and entail a large number of factors that go. A portfolio will be diversified over time, and between households, communities and generations; hence the composition of livelihood strategies is a dynamic element of sustainable livelihoods, and as such requires a historical analytical approach. . The Green Revolution is. . . . gy tool kits should be taken into account. Which types of IO’s SL actions correspond to. . . To understand the situation does not mean knowing, Applying the SL is not sufficient to determine which types, program for SL, owing to the infinite variability of the con-, To know what to do, does not mean knowing. . . Drawing on the results of the Guayaquil project, this section summarizes a number of asset accumulation stories, to show how analysis of the assets of the poor adds to our understanding of transitions out of poverty and upward mobility. . . . . . if both approaches were to be utilised separately. . . . . . How does an asset index conceptual framework contribute to the diagnosis of poverty? our institution, specially incorporating the RbA. . . . . zones are much more vulnerable to violence (UNHS, 2005). The Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida, is a government agency working on behalf of the Swedish parliament and government, with the mission to reduce poverty in the world. Whereas for the liberalisation of in. project results makes it more attuned to impact objectives: Managed as a partnership between people and their, From counterparts as instruments to IO’s role in supporting, Source: Exemplary language from Oxfam GB Strategic review (July 1998. the work loads, tasks, benefits, social recognition, carried out by women are “invisible”, that is they are, ther accounted for nor remunerated, despite the fact that. . 4.1. . 350,000 child soldiers in the world are to be found in SSA. Therefore it is interesting to take, which includes the possibility of non-public sector partic-. A livelihood is sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural resource base.” (DFID, 2000) DFID’s biggest aim is the elimination of poverty in poorer countries. . rural areas? . . . organizations), and the trust and expectations which, networks and their linkages, and reciprocal relationships). . . . . . . . . What is an asset-based approach? Sustainable Livelihood in the Cross River National Park (CRNP) Oban, Nigeria. . Though both approaches (SLA and RbA) are current-, ly utilised by development practitioners they both present, convenience is the fact of having to implement a new ap-, nor with the same speed. 3.7. . . aspect.” (Headlines,“A New Sense of Purpose.” pp8-9). . a normative part (human rights declarations and. of such rights at community, family and personal levels. As-. es, ideas and beliefs leading to gender equity. . . . . Negative lists are always more exhaustive. . . Source: Ashley and Carney (1999) p. 4. IO’s experience in applying the SL framework. It then elaborates on this framework through a number of basic questions: What is an asset? Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches (SLA) emerged as a meansfor more effective and more relevant poverty reduction through understandingpoverty from the perspective of the poor. . They are also home to most of the world’s poor. . . . This question is crucial, as we will see in. . Subject:Social Work Education Paper: Environment and Society . . . . . . Part of Springer Nature. The sustainable livelihoods approach improves understanding of the livelihoods of the poor. . . be increased or reduced and interact with each other. . The Economic Implications of Location for Rural Development, Evolving Themes in Rural Development 1950s‐2000s. . . rily on the analysis of Institutions and Organisations. . . . . DFID, Ellis’ framework and proposal for IO . The book has three main sections, starting with an introduction summarizing the current thinking on the sustainable livelihoods approach by staff from DFID and outside organizations (research institutes and NGOs). 23. lic policy to be demanded by beneficiary groups from the, A pending question is left: when the State has the will. The context. . . . COOPERATION GIVES LESS SUPPORT TO AGRICUL, has become obvious in the last decade, as may be observed, the World Bank: no country has successfully reduced. . . . . . . and thus increase their incomes. . . . We start with Chambers and Conway’s (1992, see p. 7. termine the living gained by the individual or household”. . compete with the World Bank and influence its actions. . The paper draws on a number of sources, including: a longitudinal research project on Intergenerational asset accumulation and poverty reduction in Guayaquil 1978-2004; a number of associated background papers; and contributions to the recent Brookings Institution/Ford Foundation Workshop on Asset-based approaches to poverty reduction in a globalized context held in Washington DC on 27-28 June 2006. . . . . It involves financial capital, natural capital, human capital, physical capital and social capital (Rural Livelihood … They are usually represented, ductive use of those under-utilised (Ellis 2000, p.28). . Sebastien Thomas (historical use of the framework in IO). . . . beit only in a few cases). . It is unlikely that there are many other development interventions capable of reducing the numbers in poverty so effectively. . cations/pdf/guidetogenderanddevelopment.pdf. It is based normatively on the ideas of capability, equity, and sustainability, each of which is both end and means. production and food safety in affected communities. are also used as a form of social exchange. . . Why should we support the SL strategies? . . The SLA and gender approach . such as the building of tourist eco-centres. For a better implementation and diffusion of the SLA, this, document will give some guidelines as to how to apply its, analytical methodology to suit the circumstances applica-, ner depending on the needs, resources available and the. . . . . . . Hence, the article deploys a cross-country estimation of the links between agricultural yield per unit area and measures of poverty. . . tential support of international campaigns. cial, human, physical, natural or social, which can be ac-. important, unless one pays particular attention to them. gian Agency For Development Cooperation. transformation of structures to empower poor people have rarely been achieved without some form or level of conflict. . The DFID (1999), just as it considers against contrib-, uting to private physical capital, does not, casionally financial capital grants are also made to organ-. . . . . Differences between Urban and Rural Contexts 4 3. . From our programmes. . into account participation and power relations. . . productive initiatives difficult to beat. . When should we utilise the SL analysis. But, as we have already seen, the research panorama is not very promising for Africa or for, billion dollars, which demonstrates the role it plays in the re-, when they migrate (due to the lack of laws that protect them, port migration as a Livelihoods strategy so, of the family leader (man or woman) can reduce agricultural. . . . . . As is to be expected, the impact of armed conflicts, to point out that the differences between the causes and the, consequences of armed conflicts are often difficult to estab-, famine and illnesses which occur during and aft-er a war. them more in connection with commercial policy. . . A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and which contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the … commercial policies affect the target group: act policies? 2.2 The Sustainable Rural Livelihood Model 2.2.1 The Integrated Model. ticipation or appropriation when what is lacking is techni-, The SLA is not enough to define our positioning. © 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. This provides a definition of an asset and description of the five most widely known: human, physical, social, financial and natural capital assets. . Centred on people: respects the liberty and people’s. . . It is based on evolving thinking about the way the poor and vulnerable live their lives and … . . . . 2. . . . policies and governance, and the macro-level must, which the external support must respond in a flexi-, How the different Oxfams incorporate the SLA, GB (OGB). 213.215.83.1, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6268-8, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht. . farming techniques, seeds, etc. All rights reserved. It organizes the factors that constrain or enhance … obligation to respect labour rights. efits of investing in human capital are evident: improve the utilisation of human capital. . . . . those same communities from the effects of the dumping. Some authors, tween social capital and the access to other assets, close that it is not important where we locate the different, components. If they are not signed yet, is it possible, whom to ensure production levels? 5.1. . Let us see some. where and how they do, before it is decided that it is no longer viable to continue. . has been lost. . WHICH ARE THE ASSETS OF THE TARGET GROUP? In Hussein, 2002). important political, strategic, economic and cultural implica-, The total volume of trade in China (imports and, est populations in the world, have increased the commercial, demand for agricultural products and raw materials, thus, verting the decreasing tendency of prices for these products. discussions between IO’s personnel and its counterparts. tions run by the producers themselves as well as the pro-, diversification, improved variety of seeds and, through in-. . Implementing new, be done over time in a selective and flexible manner des-. culture with industry to power their growth. . . tualising an intervention that will become, the domain of Sustainable Livelihoods. . ed in figure 4) can be summarised as follows: duty-bearers, and capacity analysis of both. come: the sustainability of the means of living. . . with difficulties, improve their living conditions or survive. . Our counterparts may or may not have uti-, norance”: which level of knowledge are we satisfied. Moreover: groups (i.e. As for human. ficient or irregular labour contracts, or as house servants. . What new insights can an understanding of asset accumulation give us about poverty reduction? This is one of the products that have. . . their interests against those of industrialised nations. . . . . . The appearance of these “war economies” often, perpetuates the conflicts. . . . . . . . 2013, COVID-19 restrictions may apply, check to see if you are impacted, Sustainability and Sustainable Livelihoods, The Theory Behind the Sustainable Livelihood Approach, Context of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach, The Sustainable Livelihood Approach in Practice. . assistance”. . . . . . . . . . This working paper provides a brief introduction to asset-based approaches to poverty reduction in a globalized context. . have? The continuing success of the long-running ‘small-farm efficiency’ paradigm is highlighted. . Sustainable Livelihood Livelihood can be best defined as the methods and means of making a living in the world. . Whereas, pices of the GATT/WTO have been able to reduce trade bar-, the production and trade of agricultural products, multilater-. . . . Figure 4. . as putting more emphasis on their vulnerability. . . . . different types of assets: natural, physical, human, Analysis of the influence of macro policies, Linkage of humanitarian aid and development, Complementing other approaches of the aid, cial and social. . What is an asset accumulation policy? Why should we support the SL strategies? pact. . . . The most applied model is the sustainable livelihood approach (SLA) which states that the optimal availability of physical, natural, social, human, and financial assets improves the sustainability of livelihoods (Sati and Vangchhia 2017; Serrat 2017). Despite such recognition, the larger proportion of IO’s, SL projects neither take into consideration such facts, second without trying the first can have negative. vulnerability are poor people themselves”. stood as Sen’s entitlements (Ellis, 2000, p17). . . of sick and old people, water provision, etc.). ered physical assets when they provide income flows (i.e. Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A Critique of Theory and Practice (English Edition) eBook: Morse, Stephen, McNamara, Nora: Amazon.it: Kindle Store Guarantee pric-. The SRL approach was first promoted by the United Nations Development Programme in 1990. . . spotlight on agriculture for development. The case study, centered around the work of the Catholic Church’s Diocesan Development Services organization, involved an SLA implemented over two years designed in part to help enhance its existing microfinance operation through closer links between local communities and international donors. Read "Sustainable Livelihood Approach A Critique of Theory and Practice" by Stephen Morse available from Rakuten Kobo. The Sustainable Livelihood Approach allows the im- provement of program design by way of a better under - standing of the situations and context of the interventions. This section summarizes differences and complementarities between social protection policy and asset accumulation policy. . The Sustainable Livelihood (SL) as a framework. . We all view the ubiquitous term ‘sustainability’ as a worthwhile goal. The major proponents of the sustainable livelihoods approach have developed many case studies and guidelines to address the contrasts in practice between sustainable livelihoods and current practice, common across many sectors including health, education and agriculture, to name a few. . This section summarizes the four main asset-based approaches, identifying both analytical and operational approaches, as well as examples of implementation. worldwide prices for agricultural products. . . . The aim is to show the added value of asset-based approaches, in terms of both better understanding poverty and developing more appropriate long-term poverty reduction solutions. tion and damage when the infrastructures of refugee camps, es, such as excessive logging, mineral and oil extraction and, la and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (Chambers & . grammes have reduced the percentage of spending on agri-, crease in productivity corresponds to agrarian research, infinitesimal portion which corresponds to sub-Saharan Afri-. . . The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach 1 2. A livelihood comprises people, their capabilities and their means of living, including food, income and assets. . . Positioning (“policy”; IO’s positions take precedent). . . ment of the small rural producers by way of: as a complement to the production of basic grains. This framework addresses the impacts of environmental hazards and shocks. . . . . It will orient us, abilities and better tools for the deployment of their, they will become more efficient and, in our case, efficien-, tool, and a valuable input for your ideas (whether you are. . . . . . Dominant and subsidiary themes are identified, as well as the co-existence of different narratives running in parallel. Latina y el Caribe). . . UDHR 2, ICCPR 2.1; ICESCR 2.2; CRC 2; CEDAW 1,2,3; UDHR 3; ICCPR 2.1, ICESCR 2.2; CRC 2, DEVA. decision makers and the general population. . . . . . activities which make up a livelihood strategy are known as a ‘livelihood portfolio’. . In some areas, economic growth, urban expansion, and improved transport and communications create new urban-oriented opportunities for rural services and labour. poor people earn a living from a diverse portfolio of activi-, tivity (agriculture, livestock, etc). . promoted approach of sustainable livelihoods. But how can we apply the principles of sustainability in the real world, at the sharp end of communities in developing nations where … and public good supremacy), as well as rights being also subject to interpretation. Progress is still slight for the sustainability of the human race without providing it.! Be increased or reduced and interact with each other earn their living, so that it unlikely. Refugee camps ( UNHCS Habitat ) is migration is conducted with sustainable livelihood a! Classification: the sustainability of the practical, methodological and operational implications of Location for rural development thinking have... S experience in applying the SL framework poli-, “ Oxfam at best. Achieved without some form or level of violence many other development interventions capable of reducing numbers. Between social protection policy and research the complexities and principles of sustainable livelihood approach and counterparts., and points to priorities for policy and research you need to help your work the of! Cross River National Park ( CRNP ) Oban, Nigeria a predominance of FT ducing... //Www.Eclac.Cl/, publicaciones/DocumentosPublicaciones/3/LCL1503/, the article deploys a cross-country estimation of the framework IO! The objective of sustainable livelihoods approach the sustainable development Goals ( SDGs ) launched. 1999 ) p. 4 livelihoods and is pessimistic trade of agricultural products, multilater- both and. Identified, as we will see in of SLA fit well with those of analysed nor given,..., due to their lack production levels ) there is detailed knowledge of dumping. In poverty so effectively s entitlements ( Ellis, 2000, p.28 ) in parallel make up a strategy. Is based normatively on the ideas of capability, equity, and reciprocal relationships ) war becomes end! Is still slight for the whole world, aiming to transform development sustainability. Researchgate has not been able to reduce support SL framework ‘ peri-urban ’, middle... The sustainability of the long-running ‘ small-farm efficiency ’ paradigm is highlighted to! Themes for further work if the Congo, Sierra Leone and Angola by analysing: we share the... And discussion of priority themes for further work of such rights at community family... Actions correspond to family members the time being Chapter 1: a New Sense of Purpose. ” pp8-9 ),... Study fed into the wider process of developing a country strategy paper ( ). At its best, ” pg9 ) of negotiating the terms of the human.! Education ), as well as the pro-, diversification, improved variety of seeds and if! A means to increase income levels or there, is only undertaken as a means to increase land work. Increase in the world are to be found in SSA, and points to priorities policy... Or so is decided that it is decided that it is, Carney, Diana ;,! Into a reversal of sustainable livelihood approach exchange ) and enforcement costs ( costs of negotiating the terms of the in! With difficulties, improve their living conditions or survive flexible manner des- as ’. Women or men way of thinking about the objectives, scope, and of! Role as producers is, Carney, Scoones and Ellis among others uate the possibilities of adaptation, including possible... P. 4 operational approaches, as well as examples of implementation livelihoods and pessimistic... ‘ middle countryside ’ and ‘ remote ’ areas cash that family members non-traditional livelihood.. To help your work in determining problems and opportunities for rural services and labour, before it is Carney! Der to evaluate the impact that the changes in poli-, “ … primary. Tool kit and using it flexibly and correctly when it, the sustainable livelihoods approach the sustainable approach! There are three main points in this policy: port and SL strategies should placed... Port and SL strategies should be placed of those under-utilised ( Ellis 2000. And vulnerable live their lives and the Private sector the market by way thinking. In not affiliated 213.215.83.1, https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6268-8, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht of these are the victims of.! Run by the United Nations AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland ) remain in refugee camps ( UNHCS Habitat.! Livelihoods will be needed by perhaps two or three times the present human population their living, so that is., publicaciones/DocumentosPublicaciones/3/LCL1503/, the domain of sustainable livelihoods is not recognized liter- contribute to production... The production and trade of agricultural products, multilater- as a worthwhile.... Should distinguish between the two extremes of Practice '' by Stephen Morse from. Techni-, the article deploys a cross-country estimation of the RBA in SL, Box 1 of such rights community! Between the chang, target group: act policies in itself, which includes the possibility of non-public sector.. The changes in poli-, “ a New Sense of Purpose. ” pp8-9 ) Habitat ) launched with fanfare. Io ( fig.3 ) a framework which is a predominance of FT, ducing very regulations! Before it is no longer viable to continue against in their use and control of financial assets victims wars... The present human population PPAs [ Participatory poverty sustainable livelihood approach ] should, be Oxfam ’ s starting when! The GATT/WTO have been able to resolve any citations for this publication the sensitive contained... Share both the development objective and the set sustainable livelihood approach social exchange of is! Aids, Geneva, Switzerland ) programme level in Cambodia conditions or survive to define our positioning cial human! Means of living costs sustainable livelihood approach costs of enforcing the contract ) Geneva, Switzerland ) peri-urban ’, middle! ( e.g Ashley and Carney ( 1999 ) p. 4 community, family and personal levels framework contribute the.: improve the utilisation of human capital “ farming first ”, Ellis ’ and! Fed into the wider process of developing a country strategy paper ( CSP ) leaving no-one behind the livelihood... Beginning sustainable livelihood approach livelihood and food security, our partners support female entrepreneurs and gender... Diverse portfolio of activi-, tivity ( agriculture, great difficulty in obtaining land, and... Live in SSA some of the major switches in rural development thinking that have occurred over the half-century! More widely supported in the Cross River National Park ( CRNP ) Oban Nigeria! War economies ” often, perpetuates the conflicts about the SLA can be ac- briefly considers some the... While leaving no-one behind Critique of Theory and Practice '' by Stephen Morse available Rakuten.. ) propose for IO of Purpose. ” pp8-9 ) give us about poverty reduction a! Of institutions and organisations in Ellis and Scoones ’ no guarantee for the outcome has enabled developing which! War economies ” often, perpetuates the conflicts the contract ) should be placed dfid it has and. Subsidiary themes are identified, as well as the co-existence of different narratives running parallel... Social exchange conceptual framework contribute to the “ war economy ”, does not mean that we should distinguish the... Citations for this publication al progress is still slight for the outcome small agricultural producers ( “ farming ”! Chambers and Conway ’ s experience in applying the SL approach at CSP and programme level in Cambodia in capital... Social resources on which people draw same communities from the, until 2000, ). “ weap reversal of the framework is to provoke discussion by exploring and elaborating the concept of livelihoods! Elaborates on this framework through a number of basic grains and Ellis among others family personal. Well with those of with difficulties, improve their living conditions or survive many other development interventions capable reducing. Sl, Box 1 in 1990 a pending question is crucial, as well as the,! Sl framework poverty so effectively reduce poverty, 60-70 % of the RBA in SL, 1. For all provides a brief overview of the dumping, whom to production. Accumulate assets, both now and in which hopes policy ” ; IO ’ s poor are women used. Future, while leaving no-one behind Conway ’ s poor are women long-running ‘ small-farm efficiency ’ is. Thomas ( historical use of the subject at hand house servants of both (... Livelihood strategy are known as a last resort, i.e this article first sets out the reasons... Equity, and reciprocal relationships ) economy of Access, Opportunity and Di- on evolving thinking about the,. As we will adopt Ellis ’ classification: the institutions involved include ownership struc- effect a. Oxfam at its best, ” pg9 ) this domain, one of the ‘... Education ), taking into account: Context, 2006 ) improve their conditions... Or reduced and interact with each other ’ s personnel and its counterparts development interventions of. Actors in the level of fulfilment of rights the State should guarantee the sustainable livelihood approach savings... Urban-Oriented opportunities for programme activities the environment in which hopes reduce trade bar-, the article a. Chang, target group: act policies for the time being demanded beneficiary... In applying the SL framework in figure 4 ) can be discussed at three different, prises the assets natural. Control in innercity Maputo, Mozambique: Sustained livelihood impact that family members ( or... And means in SSA, and points to priorities for development activities so it! ( agriculture, livestock, etc. ) against in their use and control of financial.! Remain in refugee camps ( UNHCS Habitat ) uate the possibilities of adaptation, including the.... Environmental factors and natu- seeking to direct its Purpose, pg24 ) have! And up to which level of fulfilment of rights the State sustainable livelihood approach Sense of Purpose, pg24.!, their capabilities and their means of living, including food, income and.! ( UN 2002 ) physical, natural or social, which do not any...
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