This can cause deformations in the object, which are a result of the stress caused by the load. Electromyography-based studies indicated that repetitive lifting may fatigue the back muscles and the muscular load on the low back would be expected to increase with higher lift frequencies (Dolan and Adams, 1998, Bonato et al., 2003, Nielsen et al., 1998). These cookies do not store any personal information. The lack of consensus from the limited work that has previously examined the role of axial twist moments and motions in the development of spine injuries or generation of low back pain is the primary reason. The lateral displacements measured by the LVDTs were disturbed at (tt0)=42, 50, and 78days during the re-tightening process of post-tensioning rods. the information provided. However, the specimens were the short columns where the slenderness effect can be neglected [ACI 318 (ACI Committee 318 2014)]. Now, the force created by the load can be calculated as. The deformation is related to the internal normal load P, the length of the member L, the modulus of The traditional explanation of obesity-induced OA is that the added axial load on the joints accelerates normal joint "wear and tear" that occurs with aging. F = The force generated by the axial load. Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 27(7), 727755. *)Tj 3.724 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (*)Tj 1.0521 -1.3906 TD (. )Tj /F10 1 Tf 15.5 0 TD 0 Tw (t)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 401.281 493.937 Tm (yield)Tj 12 0 0 12 415.201 496.337 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( is 25 ksi \(Hibbeler)Tj -27.1 -1.2 TD (1997\). Service load analysis of slender reinforced concrete columns. Usual nominal dimensions in U.S. !!!)!!Jgf*!OMnR"aC55!]pEX! If that load is repeated often enough over a short time interval, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically. Park, R., & Paulay, T. (1975). 2003; Masuoka et al. )Tj -1.5 -2.3 TD 0 Tw (You know:)Tj /F10 1 Tf 0 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (It has to hold a weight of 1000 lbs. !>khU!@e+6!DEMk!FGkB!HA-b!J1?*!La%c!N6$u!NlI9!R1Ys!Ug'i!Y#2N! of Architectural Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 16890, South Korea, School of Civil Engineering at Shandong Jianzhu Univ. %PDF-1.1 % /?fdT=99ED=Y20t<3R!&>Zt5h)^-A-/M++=6X3_%YQQ8V"=46\A0YVnA@MjM;-:%* 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. /MYQ.$u6nKqjYQdJ!#=E&0/MYYWuX$!/hu)/AR.%\.AXL?n2Xr,@k4f=Khm9 The test results show that the . [C,VYQ.L%YQ8083\M=% A list of steps necessary to)Tj 0 -1.16 TD (complete design of the bracket are:)Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -2.3 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (First, we will deal with the lower section of the bracket, neglecting the fillet. If the action of the load is to increase the length of the member, the member is said to be in tension ( Fig. Part of For elastic materials, )Tj /F10 1 Tf 25.3897 0 TD 0 Tw (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 401.914 333.377 Tm (all)Tj 12 0 0 12 408.721 335.777 Tm ( is usually determined)Tj -26.56 -1.2 TD (by )Tj /F10 1 Tf 1.26 0 TD (s)Tj /F4 1 Tf 6.96 0 0 6.96 112.357 318.977 Tm (yield)Tj 12 0 0 12 126.241 321.377 Tm 0.0002 Tw ( /F.S. )3505.2(*)]TJ 12.224 0.763 TD 3.5208 Tc (..)Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 604.817 Tm 0 Tc 0.0002 Tw (For a nominal value we will choose 1/32 or 0.03125. California Privacy Statement, 26, 27 An exercise program that alters the material and structural properties of the skeleton may be an effective means of modifying an ACI Structural Journal, 94(6), 675683. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 0 -2.2 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0007 Tw (Design for Stress Concentrations)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 -1.4 TD 0 Tc 0.0002 Tw (Unlike the situation in the Design for Strength section, what happens if you encounter a)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (non-uniform cross-section? =Y20nYRrCi(F)>P(OG-Z/M'>p&M((%,=F+7YS'P(OG-]+g;c/jB5V&/M&J)YQ?+? :U+-p"=jSt!87P4!=&b$!8@V` The axial load will also result in deflection, which is, Journal information: ISSN 1976-0485 / eISSN 2234-1315. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)right to your inbox. )Tj ET 0.499 w 263.431 469.633 m 276.121 469.633 l 324.723 469.633 m 337.413 469.633 l 395.517 469.633 m 408.206 469.633 l S BT /F7 1 Tf 12.002 0 0 11.97 194.638 466.547 Tm 0 Tw (K)Tj 6.3151 0.6276 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 5.6146 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj 6.4063 1.3906 TD (r)Tj -0.5078 -1.3906 TD (W)Tj /F9 1 Tf -15.8307 0.763 TD 0.9067 Tc [(=-)-3138.1(+)]TJ 9.3437 0.4661 TD 0 Tc (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj 1.1146 0.5833 TD (-)Tj 3.1875 0.4661 TD (\346)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\350)Tj 1.5964 1.0495 TD (\366)Tj 0 -1.0495 TD (\370)Tj /F3 1 Tf -16.0521 0.5833 TD 0.9115 Tc [(33)661.5(1)911.5(3)]TJ 4.0182 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 1.9896 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(36)250(6)]TJ 3.1172 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 2.8177 -0.6276 TD 0.25 Tc [(15)250(3)]TJ 3.0807 0.6276 TD 0 Tc (2)Tj 7.001 0 0 6.982 343.914 480.231 Tm 9.5982 Tc (23)Tj 12.002 0 0 11.97 238.802 466.547 Tm 1.1172 Tc [(.*)-1612(.)-36.4(*)-2914(. !LWu5!RLl2!^Qle!c%l+")%dV"2+h("@<5i"EO]u"bm2=#3c%grl"f`rqHFJs+UMN 1.2) and a deformed length of L , after axial loading is applied. (2004). To systematically study the influence of axial- and lateral-strain-controlled loadings on the strength and post-peak deformation behaviors of brittle rocks, four types of rocks (marble, sandstone, granite, and basalt) are tested under uniaxial and triaxial compressions, using a brittle hard rock testing system named Stiffman with high loading system stiffness. Thus when designing compression members subjected to high axial load, the effects of the sustained moment and long-term deformation on the behavior of the compression members should be considered. The strength of a material can be known with the help of axial load. =Kjk;)^-A-/M'On,>1m;YS'$*a'+X'u?/. )'_O[*ln'ah The formula to calculate the stress due to axial load is. 107 mm4, and \(\bar{\eta }\)=0.0287 were used. 1-csuFtu<0A83kb+Co4B5UKZA1-csc?SXkn:K0)7+AYrl\,r82,UXZm:MTtR5n=$@ Dept. A non-osteoporotic adult presented with multilevel compression fractures at the apex of the thoracic kyphosis after strenuous rope jumping. "=:8T,lo,X\Gu&+80CC3s6sDe=UH;q)^-A-/M'On,>1m;=Kjh:)^-A-/M'On,>1m; Axial loading is top-down loading - meaning the weight during the lift is moving vertically instead of horizontally. If you're unfamiliar with the term axial loading, the concept is simple. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. (5). )Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (It is welded on both sides a depth c into fixture)Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (The length above the fillet is 1 in., the length where the fillet occurs is 0.5 in, and the)Tj 0 -1.14 TD 0 Tw (length below the fillet is 0.5 in. )Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.16 TD (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (The model for this problem is the given figure since it clearly shows the boundary)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0 Tw (conditions and the load. !iQU 3^#6j+J0t^5UMeb1-ctJR5.#SNfl._+HDU?5UM/C1-ct8N&!XFH@[h:+F8So5UL;j )Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (Think about how to go about starting the problem. As investigated in this study, the sustained moment and resulting long-term deformation increases differential shortening between compression members under construction and ultimately changes member forces by redistributing loads. Axial loads are applied along the longitudinal or centroidal axis of a structural member. Loads, along with the environment, damage pavement over time. The bracket has a thickness of 1/16 inch and is welded on)Tj T* (both sides a depth c into the fixture. To find the)Tj -25.24 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw (depth, c, we will apply the shear stress formulas. !+u:S!,MXD )Tj /F10 1 Tf -1.5 -1.14 TD 0 Tw (\267)Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.46 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 1.04 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (It has a thickness of 1/16 of an inch. Such long-term deformations were predicted based on the age-adjusted effective modulus of concrete and transformed section properties. ,U>fH=]i3N+96IO;HUI0Eu,re=]nD-"9DFD>Ze8R,t15,,pbuJ=]i3MJ,m_\;HUI0 )Tj /F13 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD ( )Tj /F4 1 Tf 0.75 0 TD 0.0002 Tw (Last, add all the sections together. )Tj 2.8516 0.763 TD 1.6615 Tc (. )Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 291.857 Tm (1. (1992). Copyright Science Struck & Buzzle.com, Inc. There are times when the area is not)Tj T* 0.0002 Tw (uniform, or dimensions change, but those scenarios will be covered under stress)Tj 0 -1.14 TD (concentrations. A factor of safety F.S. By using this website, you agree to our 2007). )Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD (Peterson, Rudolph Earl \(1974\). As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift.The wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. TSE: Planning and Performing Experiments, Analyzing Experimental Results, and Drafting the Manuscript. For instance, Pilkey \(1997\))Tj 0 -1.16 TD (provides an updated version of Peterson's \(1974\) graphical data and Roark and Young)Tj 0 -1.14 TD (\(1989\) provides formulas. !4W"p"&/c9!#P\X!)*E.!EB,f!1EnV!13bl!!E:H!,2EI!*9/)AsA. Seoul: Korean Concrete Institute. 5ZCi.6a-Pi=KhiQ\Gs? The impacts of D/T, steel grade and L/D ratio under axial loading on CFST columns were investigated through a parametric analysis using the proposed model. Chapter 2 Axial Loaded Members 2.1 Introduction Axial loaded member : structural components subjected only to tension or compression, such as trusses, connecting rods, columns, etc. There are several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine. The axial shortenings of eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the concentrically loaded column. We will use the reduced)Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (area for the area. The axial shortenings of the eccentrically and concentrically loaded columns agreed well with the predictions based on the existing creep and shrinkage models of concrete specified in ACI 209R-92. )Tj ET 1 g 191.281 439.937 71.28 78.48 re f 0.72 w 190.921 518.777 72 -79.2 re S 205.681 396.737 42.48 42.48 re f 205.321 439.577 43.2 -43.2 re S 0 g 190.561 439.937 m 191.281 439.937 l 192.721 439.697 l 192.721 438.977 l 192.001 438.977 l 190.561 439.217 l f 192.001 439.697 m 192.721 439.697 l 194.161 439.457 l 194.161 438.737 l 193.441 438.737 l 192.001 438.977 l f 193.441 439.457 m 194.161 439.457 l 195.601 438.737 l 195.601 438.017 l 194.881 438.017 l 193.441 438.737 l f 194.881 438.737 m 195.601 438.737 l 196.801 437.537 l 196.801 436.817 l 196.081 436.817 l 194.881 438.017 l f 196.081 437.537 m 196.801 437.537 l 198.241 436.337 l 198.241 435.617 l 197.521 435.617 l 196.081 436.817 l f 197.521 436.337 m 198.241 436.337 l 199.441 434.897 l 199.441 434.177 l 198.721 434.177 l 197.521 435.617 l f 198.721 434.897 m 199.441 434.897 l 201.361 431.537 l 201.361 430.817 l 200.641 430.817 l 198.721 434.177 l f 200.641 431.537 m 201.361 431.537 l 203.281 427.217 l 203.281 426.497 l 202.561 426.497 l 200.641 430.817 l f 202.561 427.217 m 203.281 427.217 l 204.481 422.417 l 204.481 421.697 l 203.761 421.697 l 202.561 426.497 l f 203.761 422.417 m 204.481 422.417 l 205.441 416.897 l 205.441 416.177 l 204.721 416.177 l 203.761 421.697 l f 204.721 416.897 m 205.441 416.897 l 205.681 411.137 l 205.681 410.417 l 204.961 410.417 l 204.721 416.177 l f 262.561 439.937 m 263.281 439.937 l 263.281 439.217 l 261.841 438.977 l 261.121 438.977 l 261.121 439.697 l f 261.121 439.697 m 261.841 439.697 l 261.841 438.977 l 260.401 438.737 l 259.681 438.737 l 259.681 439.457 l f 259.681 439.457 m 260.401 439.457 l 260.401 438.737 l 258.961 438.017 l 258.241 438.017 l 258.241 438.737 l f 258.241 438.737 m 258.961 438.737 l 258.961 438.017 l 257.761 436.817 l 257.041 436.817 l 257.041 437.537 l f 257.041 437.537 m 257.761 437.537 l 257.761 436.817 l 256.321 435.617 l 255.601 435.617 l 255.601 436.337 l f 255.601 436.337 m 256.321 436.337 l 256.321 435.617 l 255.361 434.177 l 254.641 434.177 l 254.641 434.897 l f 254.641 434.897 m 255.361 434.897 l 255.361 434.177 l 253.201 430.817 l 252.481 430.817 l 252.481 431.537 l f 252.481 431.537 m 253.201 431.537 l 253.201 430.817 l 251.281 426.497 l 250.561 426.497 l 250.561 427.217 l f 250.561 427.217 m 251.281 427.217 l 251.281 426.497 l 250.081 421.697 l 249.361 421.697 l 249.361 422.417 l f 249.361 422.417 m 250.081 422.417 l 250.081 421.697 l 249.121 416.177 l 248.401 416.177 l 248.401 416.897 l f 248.401 416.897 m 249.121 416.897 l 249.121 416.177 l 248.881 410.417 l 248.161 410.417 l 248.161 411.137 l f 1 g 233.82 489.96 m 233.82 486.184 230.756 483.12 226.98 483.12 c 223.204 483.12 220.14 486.184 220.14 489.96 c 220.14 493.736 223.204 496.8 226.98 496.8 c 230.756 496.8 233.82 493.736 233.82 489.96 c f 234.18 489.96 m 234.18 485.986 230.954 482.76 226.98 482.76 c 223.006 482.76 219.78 485.986 219.78 489.96 c 219.78 493.934 223.006 497.16 226.98 497.16 c 230.954 497.16 234.18 493.934 234.18 489.96 c h 212.401 410.777 m 241.441 410.777 l S 0 g 213.121 414.737 m 205.201 410.897 l 213.121 407.057 l 213.121 414.737 l f* 240.481 407.057 m 248.401 410.897 l 240.481 414.737 l 240.481 407.057 l f* 198.001 504.377 m 255.841 504.377 l S 198.721 508.337 m 190.801 504.497 l 198.721 500.657 l 198.721 508.337 l f* 254.881 500.657 m 262.801 504.497 l 254.881 508.337 l 254.881 500.657 l f* 224.161 489.977 m 229.681 489.977 l S 224.641 492.737 m 219.601 490.097 l 224.641 487.457 l 224.641 492.737 l f* 228.961 487.457 m 234.001 490.097 l 228.961 492.737 l 228.961 487.457 l f* 227.281 518.657 m 227.281 518.897 l 227.041 519.137 l 226.801 519.137 l 226.561 518.897 l 226.561 512.897 l 226.801 512.657 l 227.041 512.657 l 227.281 512.897 l 227.281 518.657 l f* 227.281 510.737 m 227.281 510.977 l 227.041 511.217 l 226.801 511.217 l 226.561 510.977 l 226.561 510.017 l 226.801 509.777 l 227.041 509.777 l 227.281 510.017 l 227.281 510.737 l f* 227.281 507.857 m 227.281 508.097 l 227.041 508.337 l 226.801 508.337 l 226.561 508.097 l 226.561 502.097 l 226.801 501.857 l 227.041 501.857 l 227.281 502.097 l 227.281 507.857 l f* 227.281 499.937 m 227.281 500.177 l 227.041 500.417 l 226.801 500.417 l 226.561 500.177 l 226.561 499.217 l 226.801 498.977 l 227.041 498.977 l 227.281 499.217 l 227.281 499.937 l f* 227.281 497.057 m 227.281 497.297 l 227.041 497.537 l 226.801 497.537 l 226.561 497.297 l 226.561 491.297 l 226.801 491.057 l 227.041 491.057 l 227.281 491.297 l 227.281 497.057 l f* 227.281 489.137 m 227.281 489.377 l 227.041 489.617 l 226.801 489.617 l 226.561 489.377 l 226.561 488.417 l 226.801 488.177 l 227.041 488.177 l 227.281 488.417 l 227.281 489.137 l f* 227.281 486.257 m 227.281 486.497 l 227.041 486.737 l 226.801 486.737 l 226.561 486.497 l 226.561 480.497 l 226.801 480.257 l 227.041 480.257 l 227.281 480.497 l 227.281 486.257 l f* 227.281 478.337 m 227.281 478.577 l 227.041 478.817 l 226.801 478.817 l 226.561 478.577 l 226.561 477.617 l 226.801 477.377 l 227.041 477.377 l 227.281 477.617 l 227.281 478.337 l f* 227.281 475.457 m 227.281 475.697 l 227.041 475.937 l 226.801 475.937 l 226.561 475.697 l 226.561 469.697 l 226.801 469.457 l 227.041 469.457 l 227.281 469.697 l 227.281 475.457 l f* 227.281 467.537 m 227.281 467.777 l 227.041 468.017 l 226.801 468.017 l 226.561 467.777 l 226.561 466.817 l 226.801 466.577 l 227.041 466.577 l 227.281 466.817 l 227.281 467.537 l f* 227.281 464.657 m 227.281 464.897 l 227.041 465.137 l 226.801 465.137 l 226.561 464.897 l 226.561 458.897 l 226.801 458.657 l 227.041 458.657 l 227.281 458.897 l 227.281 464.657 l f* 227.281 456.737 m 227.281 456.977 l 227.041 457.217 l 226.801 457.217 l 226.561 456.977 l 226.561 456.017 l 226.801 455.777 l 227.041 455.777 l 227.281 456.017 l 227.281 456.737 l f* 227.281 453.857 m 227.281 454.097 l 227.041 454.337 l 226.801 454.337 l 226.561 454.097 l 226.561 448.097 l 226.801 447.857 l 227.041 447.857 l 227.281 448.097 l 227.281 453.857 l f* 227.281 445.937 m 227.281 446.177 l 227.041 446.417 l 226.801 446.417 l 226.561 446.177 l 226.561 445.217 l 226.801 444.977 l 227.041 444.977 l 227.281 445.217 l 227.281 445.937 l f* 227.281 443.057 m 227.281 443.297 l 227.041 443.537 l 226.801 443.537 l 226.561 443.297 l 226.561 437.297 l 226.801 437.057 l 227.041 437.057 l 227.281 437.297 l 227.281 443.057 l f* 227.281 435.137 m 227.281 435.377 l 227.041 435.617 l 226.801 435.617 l 226.561 435.377 l 226.561 434.417 l 226.801 434.177 l 227.041 434.177 l 227.281 434.417 l 227.281 435.137 l f* 227.281 432.257 m 227.281 432.497 l 227.041 432.737 l 226.801 432.737 l 226.561 432.497 l 226.561 426.497 l 226.801 426.257 l 227.041 426.257 l 227.281 426.497 l 227.281 432.257 l f* 227.281 424.337 m 227.281 424.577 l 227.041 424.817 l 226.801 424.817 l 226.561 424.577 l 226.561 423.617 l 226.801 423.377 l 227.041 423.377 l 227.281 423.617 l 227.281 424.337 l f* 227.281 421.457 m 227.281 421.697 l 227.041 421.937 l 226.801 421.937 l 226.561 421.697 l 226.561 415.697 l 226.801 415.457 l 227.041 415.457 l 227.281 415.697 l 227.281 421.457 l f* 227.281 413.537 m 227.281 413.777 l 227.041 414.017 l 226.801 414.017 l 226.561 413.777 l 226.561 412.817 l 226.801 412.577 l 227.041 412.577 l 227.281 412.817 l 227.281 413.537 l f* 227.281 410.657 m 227.281 410.897 l 227.041 411.137 l 226.801 411.137 l 226.561 410.897 l 226.561 404.897 l 226.801 404.657 l 227.041 404.657 l 227.281 404.897 l 227.281 410.657 l f* 227.281 402.737 m 227.281 402.977 l 227.041 403.217 l 226.801 403.217 l 226.561 402.977 l 226.561 402.017 l 226.801 401.777 l 227.041 401.777 l 227.281 402.017 l 227.281 402.737 l f* 227.281 399.857 m 227.281 400.097 l 227.041 400.337 l 226.801 400.337 l 226.561 400.097 l 226.561 396.257 l 226.801 396.017 l 227.041 396.017 l 227.281 396.257 l 227.281 399.857 l f* 226.921 382.337 m 226.921 363.857 l S 221.041 364.577 m 226.801 353.297 l 232.561 364.577 l 221.041 364.577 l f* 197.761 533.537 m 198.481 533.537 l 198.481 532.817 l 191.281 518.417 l 190.561 518.417 l 190.561 519.137 l f 212.161 533.537 m 212.881 533.537 l 212.881 532.817 l 205.681 518.417 l 204.961 518.417 l 204.961 519.137 l f 219.361 533.537 m 220.081 533.537 l 220.081 532.817 l 212.881 518.417 l 212.161 518.417 l 212.161 519.137 l f 204.961 533.537 m 205.681 533.537 l 205.681 532.817 l 198.481 518.417 l 197.761 518.417 l 197.761 519.137 l f 226.561 533.537 m 227.281 533.537 l 227.281 532.817 l 220.081 518.417 l 219.361 518.417 l 219.361 519.137 l f 233.761 533.537 m 234.481 533.537 l 234.481 532.817 l 227.281 518.417 l 226.561 518.417 l 226.561 519.137 l f 240.961 533.537 m 241.681 533.537 l 241.681 532.817 l 234.481 518.417 l 233.761 518.417 l 233.761 519.137 l f 248.161 533.537 m 248.881 533.537 l 248.881 532.817 l 241.681 518.417 l 240.961 518.417 l 240.961 519.137 l f 255.361 533.537 m 256.081 533.537 l 256.081 532.817 l 248.881 518.417 l 248.161 518.417 l 248.161 519.137 l f 262.561 533.537 m 263.281 533.537 l 263.281 532.817 l 256.081 518.417 l 255.361 518.417 l 255.361 519.137 l f 269.761 533.537 m 270.481 533.537 l 270.481 532.817 l 263.281 518.417 l 262.561 518.417 l 262.561 519.137 l f 190.921 447.137 m 190.921 439.217 l 262.921 447.137 m 262.921 439.217 l S 1 g 205.26 401.76 m 205.26 367.05 178.703 338.88 145.98 338.88 c 113.257 338.88 86.7 367.05 86.7 401.76 c 86.7 436.47 113.257 464.64 145.98 464.64 c 178.703 464.64 205.26 436.47 205.26 401.76 c f 0 g 145.921 464.417 m 147.121 464.417 l 147.361 464.657 l 147.361 464.897 l 147.121 465.137 l 142.801 465.137 l 142.561 464.897 l 142.561 464.657 l 142.801 464.417 l 145.921 464.417 l f* 140.881 464.177 m 141.121 464.417 l 141.121 464.657 l 140.881 464.897 l 139.681 464.897 l 137.761 464.657 l 137.521 464.417 l 137.521 464.177 l 137.761 463.937 l 138.001 463.937 l 139.921 464.177 l 140.881 464.177 l f* 135.841 463.457 m 136.081 463.697 l 136.081 463.937 l 135.841 464.177 l 135.601 464.177 l 133.681 463.937 l 132.721 463.697 l 132.481 463.457 l 132.481 463.217 l 132.721 462.977 l 132.961 462.977 l 133.921 463.217 l 135.841 463.457 l f* 131.041 462.257 m 131.281 462.497 l 131.281 462.737 l 131.041 462.977 l 130.801 462.977 l 127.921 462.257 l 127.681 462.017 l 127.681 461.777 l 127.921 461.537 l 128.161 461.537 l 131.041 462.257 l f* 126.241 460.817 m 126.481 461.057 l 126.481 461.297 l 126.241 461.537 l 126.001 461.537 l 123.361 460.577 l 123.121 460.337 l 123.121 460.097 l 123.361 459.857 l 123.601 459.857 l 126.241 460.817 l f* 121.441 458.897 m 121.681 459.137 l 121.681 459.377 l 121.441 459.617 l 121.201 459.617 l 118.801 458.177 l 118.561 457.937 l 118.561 457.697 l 118.801 457.457 l 119.041 457.457 l 121.441 458.897 l f* 117.121 456.497 m 117.361 456.737 l 117.361 456.977 l 117.121 457.217 l 116.881 457.217 l 114.481 455.537 l 114.241 455.297 l 114.241 455.057 l 114.481 454.817 l 114.721 454.817 l 117.121 456.497 l f* 112.801 453.617 m 113.041 453.857 l 113.041 454.097 l 112.801 454.337 l 112.561 454.337 l 110.401 452.657 l 110.161 452.417 l 110.161 452.177 l 110.401 451.937 l 110.641 451.937 l 112.801 453.617 l f* 108.961 450.497 m 109.201 450.737 l 109.201 450.977 l 108.961 451.217 l 108.721 451.217 l 108.001 450.737 l 106.321 449.057 l 106.321 448.817 l 106.561 448.577 l 106.801 448.577 l 108.241 450.017 l 108.961 450.497 l f* 105.121 447.137 m 105.361 447.377 l 105.361 447.617 l 105.121 447.857 l 104.881 447.857 l 103.441 446.417 l 102.721 445.457 l 102.721 445.217 l 102.961 444.977 l 103.201 444.977 l 103.441 445.217 l 104.161 446.177 l 105.121 447.137 l f* 102.001 443.777 m 102.001 444.017 l 101.761 444.257 l 101.521 444.257 l 101.281 444.017 l 99.601 441.857 l 99.601 441.377 l 99.841 441.137 l 100.081 441.137 l 100.321 441.377 l 100.321 441.617 l 102.001 443.777 l f* 98.881 439.697 m 98.881 439.937 l 98.641 440.177 l 98.401 440.177 l 98.161 439.937 l 96.721 437.537 l 96.721 437.297 l 96.961 437.057 l 97.201 437.057 l 97.441 437.297 l 98.881 439.697 l f* 96.241 435.617 m 96.241 435.857 l 96.001 436.097 l 95.761 436.097 l 95.521 435.857 l 94.081 433.217 l 94.081 432.977 l 94.321 432.737 l 94.561 432.737 l 94.801 432.977 l 96.241 435.617 l f* 93.841 431.057 m 93.841 431.297 l 93.601 431.537 l 93.361 431.537 l 93.121 431.297 l 91.921 428.657 l 91.921 428.417 l 92.161 428.177 l 92.401 428.177 l 92.641 428.417 l 93.841 431.057 l f* 91.681 426.497 m 91.681 426.737 l 91.441 426.977 l 91.201 426.977 l 90.961 426.737 l 90.721 426.257 l 90.001 424.097 l 90.001 423.857 l 90.241 423.617 l 90.481 423.617 l 90.721 423.857 l 91.441 426.017 l 91.681 426.497 l f* 90.001 421.697 m 90.001 421.937 l 89.761 422.177 l 89.521 422.177 l 89.281 421.937 l 88.801 420.497 l 88.561 419.297 l 88.561 419.057 l 88.801 418.817 l 89.041 418.817 l 89.281 419.057 l 89.521 420.257 l 90.001 421.697 l f* 88.561 416.897 m 88.561 417.137 l 88.321 417.377 l 88.081 417.377 l 87.841 417.137 l 87.361 414.497 l 87.361 414.017 l 87.601 413.777 l 87.841 413.777 l 88.081 414.017 l 88.081 414.257 l 88.561 416.897 l f* 87.601 411.857 m 87.601 412.097 l 87.361 412.337 l 87.121 412.337 l 86.881 412.097 l 86.641 409.457 l 86.641 409.217 l 86.881 408.977 l 87.121 408.977 l 87.361 409.217 l 87.601 411.857 l f* 87.121 407.057 m 87.121 407.297 l 86.881 407.537 l 86.641 407.537 l 86.401 407.297 l 86.161 404.417 l 86.161 404.177 l 86.401 403.937 l 86.641 403.937 l 86.881 404.177 l 87.121 407.057 l f* 86.881 402.017 m 86.881 402.257 l 86.641 402.497 l 86.401 402.497 l 86.161 402.257 l 86.161 399.137 l 86.401 398.897 l 86.641 398.897 l 86.881 399.137 l 86.881 402.017 l f* 87.121 396.977 m 87.121 397.217 l 86.881 397.457 l 86.641 397.457 l 86.401 397.217 l 86.401 395.297 l 86.641 394.097 l 86.881 393.857 l 87.121 393.857 l 87.361 394.097 l 87.361 394.337 l 87.121 395.537 l 87.121 396.977 l f* 87.601 392.177 m 87.361 392.417 l 87.121 392.417 l 86.881 392.177 l 86.881 391.937 l 87.361 389.057 l 87.601 388.817 l 87.841 388.817 l 88.081 389.057 l 88.081 389.297 l 87.601 392.177 l f* 88.561 387.137 m 88.321 387.377 l 88.081 387.377 l 87.841 387.137 l 87.841 386.897 l 88.561 384.257 l 88.801 384.017 l 89.041 384.017 l 89.281 384.257 l 89.281 384.497 l 88.561 387.137 l f* 89.761 382.337 m 89.521 382.577 l 89.281 382.577 l 89.041 382.337 l 89.041 382.097 l 90.001 379.457 l 90.241 379.217 l 90.481 379.217 l 90.721 379.457 l 90.721 379.697 l 89.761 382.337 l f* 91.441 377.537 m 91.201 377.777 l 90.961 377.777 l 90.721 377.537 l 90.721 377.297 l 91.921 374.657 l 92.161 374.417 l 92.401 374.417 l 92.641 374.657 l 92.641 374.897 l 91.441 377.537 l f* 93.601 372.977 m 93.361 373.217 l 93.121 373.217 l 92.881 372.977 l 92.881 372.737 l 93.361 371.777 l 94.081 370.097 l 94.321 369.857 l 94.561 369.857 l 94.801 370.097 l 94.801 370.337 l 94.081 372.017 l 93.601 372.977 l f* 96.001 368.657 m 95.761 368.897 l 95.521 368.897 l 95.281 368.657 l 95.281 368.417 l 96.241 366.497 l 96.721 365.777 l 96.961 365.537 l 97.201 365.537 l 97.441 365.777 l 97.441 366.017 l 96.961 366.737 l 96.001 368.657 l f* 98.641 364.337 m 98.401 364.577 l 98.161 364.577 l 97.921 364.337 l 97.921 364.097 l 99.601 361.697 l 99.841 361.457 l 100.081 361.457 l 100.321 361.697 l 100.321 361.937 l 98.641 364.337 l f* 101.761 360.257 m 101.521 360.497 l 101.281 360.497 l 101.041 360.257 l 101.041 360.017 l 102.961 357.857 l 103.201 357.617 l 103.441 357.617 l 103.681 357.857 l 103.681 358.097 l 101.761 360.257 l f* 104.881 356.897 m 104.641 356.897 l 104.401 356.657 l 104.401 356.417 l 106.801 354.017 l 107.041 354.017 l 107.281 354.257 l 107.281 354.497 l 104.881 356.897 l f* 108.481 353.297 m 108.241 353.297 l 108.001 353.057 l 108.001 352.817 l 108.241 352.577 l 110.641 350.897 l 110.881 350.897 l 111.121 351.137 l 111.121 351.377 l 110.881 351.617 l 108.481 353.297 l f* 112.561 350.177 m 112.321 350.177 l 112.081 349.937 l 112.081 349.697 l 112.561 349.217 l 114.721 347.777 l 114.961 347.777 l 115.201 348.017 l 115.201 348.257 l 114.961 348.497 l 112.801 349.937 l 112.561 350.177 l f* 116.641 347.537 m 116.401 347.537 l 116.161 347.297 l 116.161 347.057 l 116.401 346.817 l 117.361 346.097 l 119.041 345.377 l 119.281 345.377 l 119.521 345.617 l 119.521 345.857 l 119.281 346.097 l 117.601 346.817 l 116.641 347.537 l f* 121.201 345.137 m 120.961 345.137 l 120.721 344.897 l 120.721 344.657 l 120.961 344.417 l 122.641 343.457 l 123.361 342.977 l 123.601 342.977 l 123.841 343.217 l 123.841 343.457 l 123.601 343.697 l 122.881 344.177 l 121.201 345.137 l f* 125.761 342.977 m 125.521 342.977 l 125.281 342.737 l 125.281 342.497 l 125.521 342.257 l 127.921 341.297 l 128.401 341.297 l 128.641 341.537 l 128.641 341.777 l 128.401 342.017 l 128.161 342.017 l 125.761 342.977 l f* 130.561 341.537 m 130.321 341.537 l 130.081 341.297 l 130.081 341.057 l 130.321 340.817 l 132.961 339.857 l 133.201 339.857 l 133.441 340.097 l 133.441 340.337 l 133.201 340.577 l 130.561 341.537 l f* 135.361 340.337 m 135.121 340.337 l 134.881 340.097 l 134.881 339.857 l 135.121 339.617 l 138.001 339.137 l 138.241 339.137 l 138.481 339.377 l 138.481 339.617 l 138.241 339.857 l 135.361 340.337 l f* 140.401 339.377 m 140.161 339.377 l 139.921 339.137 l 139.921 338.897 l 140.161 338.657 l 143.281 338.657 l 143.521 338.897 l 143.521 339.137 l 143.281 339.377 l 140.401 339.377 l f* 145.441 339.137 m 145.201 339.137 l 144.961 338.897 l 144.961 338.657 l 145.201 338.417 l 145.681 338.417 l 148.081 338.657 l 148.321 338.657 l 148.561 338.897 l 148.561 339.137 l 148.321 339.377 l 145.921 339.137 l 145.441 339.137 l f* 150.481 339.377 m 150.241 339.377 l 150.001 339.137 l 150.001 338.897 l 150.241 338.657 l 151.681 338.897 l 153.361 338.897 l 153.601 339.137 l 153.601 339.377 l 153.361 339.617 l 151.681 339.617 l 150.481 339.377 l f* 155.281 340.097 m 155.041 339.857 l 155.041 339.617 l 155.281 339.377 l 155.521 339.377 l 157.921 339.857 l 158.161 339.857 l 158.401 340.097 l 158.401 340.337 l 158.161 340.577 l 157.681 340.577 l 155.281 340.097 l f* 160.081 341.057 m 159.841 340.817 l 159.841 340.577 l 160.081 340.337 l 160.321 340.337 l 163.201 341.297 l 163.441 341.537 l 163.441 341.777 l 163.201 342.017 l 162.961 342.017 l 160.081 341.057 l f* 164.881 342.737 m 164.641 342.497 l 164.641 342.257 l 164.881 342.017 l 165.121 342.017 l 167.761 342.977 l 168.001 343.217 l 168.001 343.457 l 167.761 343.697 l 167.521 343.697 l 164.881 342.737 l f* 169.681 344.657 m 169.441 344.417 l 169.441 344.177 l 169.681 343.937 l 169.921 343.937 l 172.321 345.137 l 172.561 345.377 l 172.561 345.617 l 172.321 345.857 l 172.081 345.857 l 169.681 344.657 l f* 174.001 346.817 m 173.761 346.577 l 173.761 346.337 l 174.001 346.097 l 174.241 346.097 l 176.641 347.777 l 176.881 348.017 l 176.881 348.257 l 176.641 348.497 l 176.401 348.497 l 174.001 346.817 l f* 178.321 349.457 m 178.081 349.217 l 178.081 348.977 l 178.321 348.737 l 178.561 348.737 l 179.041 349.217 l 180.721 350.657 l 180.961 350.897 l 180.961 351.137 l 180.721 351.377 l 180.481 351.377 l 178.801 349.937 l 178.321 349.457 l f* 182.401 352.577 m 182.161 352.337 l 182.161 352.097 l 182.401 351.857 l 182.641 351.857 l 183.841 352.817 l 185.041 354.017 l 185.041 354.257 l 184.801 354.497 l 184.561 354.497 l 183.601 353.537 l 182.401 352.577 l f* 186.001 355.937 m 185.761 355.697 l 185.761 355.457 l 186.001 355.217 l 186.241 355.217 l 188.641 357.617 l 188.641 357.857 l 188.401 358.097 l 188.161 358.097 l 186.001 355.937 l f* 189.121 359.537 m 189.121 359.297 l 189.361 359.057 l 189.601 359.057 l 189.841 359.297 l 191.761 361.457 l 191.761 361.697 l 191.521 361.937 l 191.281 361.937 l 191.041 361.697 l 189.121 359.537 l f* 192.481 363.377 m 192.481 363.137 l 192.721 362.897 l 192.961 362.897 l 193.201 363.137 l 194.641 365.537 l 194.641 365.777 l 194.401 366.017 l 194.161 366.017 l 193.921 365.777 l 192.481 363.377 l f* 195.121 367.457 m 195.121 367.217 l 195.361 366.977 l 195.601 366.977 l 195.841 367.217 l 197.281 369.857 l 197.281 370.097 l 197.041 370.337 l 196.801 370.337 l 196.561 370.097 l 195.121 367.457 l f* 197.761 372.017 m 197.761 371.777 l 198.001 371.537 l 198.241 371.537 l 198.481 371.777 l 199.681 374.417 l 199.681 374.657 l 199.441 374.897 l 199.201 374.897 l 198.961 374.657 l 197.761 372.017 l f* 199.921 376.577 m 199.921 376.337 l 200.161 376.097 l 200.401 376.097 l 200.641 376.337 l 200.881 377.297 l 201.601 378.977 l 201.601 379.217 l 201.361 379.457 l 201.121 379.457 l 200.881 379.217 l 200.161 377.537 l 199.921 376.577 l f* 201.601 381.137 m 201.601 380.897 l 201.841 380.657 l 202.081 380.657 l 202.321 380.897 l 203.041 383.057 l 203.041 384.017 l 202.801 384.257 l 202.561 384.257 l 202.321 384.017 l 202.321 383.297 l 201.601 381.137 l f* 203.041 386.177 m 203.041 385.937 l 203.281 385.697 l 203.521 385.697 l 203.761 385.937 l 204.241 388.577 l 204.241 388.817 l 204.001 389.057 l 203.761 389.057 l 203.521 388.817 l 203.041 386.177 l f* 204.001 390.977 m 204.001 390.737 l 204.241 390.497 l 204.481 390.497 l 204.721 390.737 l 205.201 393.617 l 205.201 393.857 l 204.961 394.097 l 204.721 394.097 l 204.481 393.857 l 204.001 390.977 l f* 204.721 395.777 m 204.961 395.537 l 205.201 395.537 l 205.441 395.777 l 205.441 398.897 l 205.201 399.137 l 204.961 399.137 l 204.721 398.897 l 204.721 395.777 l f* 204.961 400.817 m 205.201 400.577 l 205.441 400.577 l 205.681 400.817 l 205.681 401.777 l 205.441 403.937 l 205.201 404.177 l 204.961 404.177 l 204.721 403.937 l 204.721 403.697 l 204.961 401.537 l 204.961 400.817 l f* 204.721 405.857 m 204.961 405.617 l 205.201 405.617 l 205.441 405.857 l 205.441 408.257 l 205.201 408.977 l 204.961 409.217 l 204.721 409.217 l 204.481 408.977 l 204.481 408.737 l 204.721 408.017 l 204.721 405.857 l f* 204.241 410.897 m 204.481 410.657 l 204.721 410.657 l 204.961 410.897 l 204.961 411.137 l 204.481 414.017 l 204.241 414.257 l 204.001 414.257 l 203.761 414.017 l 203.761 413.777 l 204.241 410.897 l f* 203.281 415.697 m 203.521 415.457 l 203.761 415.457 l 204.001 415.697 l 204.001 415.937 l 203.281 418.817 l 203.041 419.057 l 202.801 419.057 l 202.561 418.817 l 202.561 418.577 l 203.281 415.697 l f* 202.081 420.737 m 202.321 420.497 l 202.561 420.497 l 202.801 420.737 l 202.801 420.977 l 201.841 423.617 l 201.601 423.857 l 201.361 423.857 l 201.121 423.617 l 201.121 423.377 l 202.081 420.737 l f* 200.401 425.537 m 200.641 425.297 l 200.881 425.297 l 201.121 425.537 l 201.121 425.777 l 200.881 426.257 l 200.161 428.417 l 199.921 428.657 l 199.681 428.657 l 199.441 428.417 l 199.441 428.177 l 200.161 426.017 l 200.401 425.537 l f* 198.481 430.097 m 198.721 429.857 l 198.961 429.857 l 199.201 430.097 l 199.201 430.337 l 198.481 431.777 l 198.001 432.977 l 197.761 433.217 l 197.521 433.217 l 197.281 432.977 l 197.281 432.737 l 197.761 431.537 l 198.481 430.097 l f* 196.081 434.417 m 196.321 434.177 l 196.561 434.177 l 196.801 434.417 l 196.801 434.657 l 195.361 437.057 l 195.361 437.297 l 195.121 437.537 l 194.881 437.537 l 194.641 437.297 l 194.641 436.817 l 196.081 434.417 l f* 193.441 438.737 m 193.681 438.497 l 193.921 438.497 l 194.161 438.737 l 194.161 438.977 l 192.481 441.377 l 192.241 441.617 l 192.001 441.617 l 191.761 441.377 l 191.761 441.137 l 193.441 438.737 l f* 190.321 442.817 m 190.561 442.577 l 190.801 442.577 l 191.041 442.817 l 191.041 443.057 l 189.121 445.217 l 188.881 445.457 l 188.641 445.457 l 188.401 445.217 l 188.401 444.977 l 190.321 442.817 l f* 187.201 446.417 m 187.441 446.417 l 187.681 446.657 l 187.681 446.897 l 185.521 449.057 l 185.281 449.057 l 185.041 448.817 l 185.041 448.577 l 187.201 446.417 l f* 183.601 449.777 m 183.841 449.777 l 184.081 450.017 l 184.081 450.257 l 183.841 450.497 l 183.841 450.737 l 181.681 452.417 l 181.441 452.417 l 181.201 452.177 l 181.201 451.937 l 181.441 451.697 l 183.601 450.017 l 183.601 449.777 l f* 179.761 452.897 m 180.001 452.897 l 180.241 453.137 l 180.241 453.377 l 180.001 453.617 l 179.041 454.337 l 177.601 455.297 l 177.361 455.297 l 177.121 455.057 l 177.121 454.817 l 177.361 454.577 l 178.801 453.617 l 179.761 452.897 l f* 175.681 455.777 m 175.921 455.777 l 176.161 456.017 l 176.161 456.257 l 175.921 456.497 l 174.241 457.457 l 173.281 457.937 l 173.041 457.937 l 172.801 457.697 l 172.801 457.457 l 173.041 457.217 l 174.001 456.737 l 175.681 455.777 l f* 171.121 458.177 m 171.361 458.177 l 171.601 458.417 l 171.601 458.657 l 171.361 458.897 l 168.961 460.337 l 168.721 460.337 l 168.481 460.097 l 168.481 459.857 l 168.721 459.617 l 171.121 458.177 l f* 166.561 460.337 m 166.801 460.337 l 167.041 460.577 l 167.041 460.817 l 166.801 461.057 l 164.161 462.017 l 163.921 462.017 l 163.681 461.777 l 163.681 461.537 l 163.921 461.297 l 166.561 460.337 l f* 161.761 462.017 m 162.001 462.017 l 162.241 462.257 l 162.241 462.497 l 162.001 462.737 l 159.361 463.457 l 159.121 463.457 l 158.881 463.217 l 158.881 462.977 l 159.121 462.737 l 161.761 462.017 l f* 156.961 463.217 m 157.201 463.217 l 157.441 463.457 l 157.441 463.697 l 157.201 463.937 l 154.321 464.417 l 154.081 464.417 l 153.841 464.177 l 153.841 463.937 l 154.081 463.697 l 156.961 463.217 l f* 151.921 464.177 m 152.161 464.177 l 152.401 464.417 l 152.401 464.657 l 152.161 464.897 l 149.041 464.897 l 148.801 464.657 l 148.801 464.417 l 149.041 464.177 l 151.921 464.177 l f* 276.961 517.577 m 299.281 517.577 l 273.841 438.137 m 296.161 438.137 l 284.521 510.497 m 284.521 445.697 l S 288.241 509.777 m 284.401 517.697 l 280.561 509.777 l 288.241 509.777 l f* 280.561 446.657 m 284.401 438.737 l 288.241 446.657 l 280.561 446.657 l f* 273.841 395.177 m 296.161 395.177 l 275.041 416.777 m 297.361 416.777 l 284.521 409.697 m 284.521 402.257 l S 288.241 408.977 m 284.401 416.897 l 280.561 408.977 l 288.241 408.977 l f* 280.561 403.217 m 284.401 395.297 l 288.241 403.217 l 280.561 403.217 l f* 174.961 454.337 m 175.681 454.337 l 175.681 453.617 l 152.641 401.777 l 151.921 401.777 l 151.921 402.497 l f 178.801 452.177 m 178.081 461.057 l 171.361 455.297 l 178.801 452.177 l f* 464.161 395.177 m 493.681 395.177 l 464.521 539.537 m 464.521 394.817 l 493.321 539.537 m 493.321 394.817 l 435.361 517.577 m 515.281 517.577 l S 442.561 532.337 m 443.281 532.337 l 443.281 531.617 l 436.081 517.217 l 435.361 517.217 l 435.361 517.937 l f 449.761 532.337 m 450.481 532.337 l 450.481 531.617 l 443.281 517.217 l 442.561 517.217 l 442.561 517.937 l f 456.961 532.337 m 457.681 532.337 l 457.681 531.617 l 450.481 517.217 l 449.761 517.217 l 449.761 517.937 l f 514.561 532.337 m 515.281 532.337 l 515.281 531.617 l 508.081 517.217 l 507.361 517.217 l 507.361 517.937 l f 507.361 532.337 m 508.081 532.337 l 508.081 531.617 l 500.881 517.217 l 500.161 517.217 l 500.161 517.937 l f 521.761 532.337 m 522.481 532.337 l 522.481 531.617 l 515.281 517.217 l 514.561 517.217 l 514.561 517.937 l f 456.961 532.337 m 457.681 532.337 l 457.681 531.617 l 450.481 517.217 l 449.761 517.217 l 449.761 517.937 l f 1 g 464.161 532.337 m 456.961 532.337 l 464.161 539.537 l 456.961 539.537 l 464.161 532.337 l f* 456.961 531.977 m 464.881 531.977 l S 0 g 464.161 539.537 m 464.881 539.537 l 464.881 538.817 l 457.681 531.617 l 456.961 531.617 l 456.961 532.337 l f 456.961 539.177 m 464.881 539.177 l S 456.961 539.537 m 457.681 539.537 l 464.881 532.337 l 464.881 531.617 l 464.161 531.617 l 456.961 538.817 l f 1 g 464.161 517.937 m 456.961 517.937 l 464.161 525.137 l 456.961 525.137 l 464.161 517.937 l f* 456.961 517.577 m 464.881 517.577 l S 0 g 464.161 525.137 m 464.881 525.137 l 464.881 524.417 l 457.681 517.217 l 456.961 517.217 l 456.961 517.937 l f 456.961 524.777 m 464.881 524.777 l S 456.961 525.137 m 457.681 525.137 l 464.881 517.937 l 464.881 517.217 l 464.161 517.217 l 456.961 524.417 l f 1 g 464.161 525.137 m 456.961 525.137 l 464.161 532.337 l 456.961 532.337 l 464.161 525.137 l f* 456.961 524.777 m 464.881 524.777 l S 0 g 464.161 532.337 m 464.881 532.337 l 464.881 531.617 l 457.681 524.417 l 456.961 524.417 l 456.961 525.137 l f 456.961 531.977 m 464.881 531.977 l S 456.961 532.337 m 457.681 532.337 l 464.881 525.137 l 464.881 524.417 l 464.161 524.417 l 456.961 531.617 l f 1 g 500.161 517.937 m 492.961 517.937 l 500.161 525.137 l 492.961 525.137 l 500.161 517.937 l f* 492.961 517.577 m 500.881 517.577 l S 0 g 500.161 525.137 m 500.881 525.137 l 500.881 524.417 l 493.681 517.217 l 492.961 517.217 l 492.961 517.937 l f 492.961 524.777 m 500.881 524.777 l S 492.961 525.137 m 493.681 525.137 l 500.881 517.937 l 500.881 517.217 l 500.161 517.217 l 492.961 524.417 l f 1 g 500.161 525.137 m 492.961 525.137 l 500.161 532.337 l 492.961 532.337 l 500.161 525.137 l f* 492.961 524.777 m 500.881 524.777 l S 0 g 500.161 532.337 m 500.881 532.337 l 500.881 531.617 l 493.681 524.417 l 492.961 524.417 l 492.961 525.137 l f 492.961 531.977 m 500.881 531.977 l S 492.961 532.337 m 493.681 532.337 l 500.881 525.137 l 500.881 524.417 l 500.161 524.417 l 492.961 531.617 l f 1 g 500.161 532.337 m 492.961 532.337 l 500.161 539.537 l 492.961 539.537 l 500.161 532.337 l f* 492.961 531.977 m 500.881 531.977 l S 0 g 500.161 539.537 m 500.881 539.537 l 500.881 538.817 l 493.681 531.617 l 492.961 531.617 l 492.961 532.337 l f 492.961 539.177 m 500.881 539.177 l S 492.961 539.537 m 493.681 539.537 l 500.881 532.337 l 500.881 531.617 l 500.161 531.617 l 492.961 538.817 l f 521.041 517.937 m 521.761 517.937 l 548.881 517.457 l 548.881 516.737 l 548.161 516.737 l 521.041 517.217 l f 537.001 530.657 m 537.001 523.217 l S 540.721 529.937 m 536.881 537.857 l 533.041 529.937 l 540.721 529.937 l f* 533.041 524.177 m 536.881 516.257 l 540.721 524.177 l 533.041 524.177 l f* 478.921 388.337 m 478.921 369.857 l S 473.041 370.577 m 478.801 359.297 l 484.561 370.577 l 473.041 370.577 l f* q 30.001 33.137 552 727.92 re W n 1 g 515.761 469.697 72 -48 re f* Q 475.441 460.457 m 510.241 460.457 l S BT 12 0 0 12 523.441 455.057 Tm (1/16)Tj ET 471.601 459.977 m 486.241 459.977 l S 472.321 463.937 m 464.401 460.097 l 472.321 456.257 l 472.321 463.937 l f* 485.281 456.257 m 493.201 460.097 l 485.281 463.937 l 485.281 456.257 l f* 1 g 313.441 557.297 72 -18.24 re f* 0 g 272.881 548.417 m 273.601 548.417 l 273.601 547.697 l 240.961 530.897 l 240.241 530.897 l 240.241 531.617 l f 272.881 548.057 m 307.921 548.057 l S q 321.121 543.137 56.88 10.08 re W n BT 12 0 0 12 321.121 542.417 Tm (Fixture)Tj ET Q 172.561 503.657 m 187.681 503.657 l S 1 g 135.121 493.937 30.24 35.28 re f 1 G 134.761 529.577 30.96 -36 re S BT 12 0 0 12 142.081 501.137 Tm 0 g (W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 153.41 498.737 Tm (1)Tj ET 1 g 130.081 421.937 28.08 35.28 re f 129.721 457.577 28.8 -36 re S BT 12 0 0 12 137.281 429.137 Tm 0 g ( R)Tj ET 0 G 284.521 431.057 m 284.521 424.337 l S 280.561 425.297 m 284.401 417.377 l 288.241 425.297 l 280.561 425.297 l f* 288.241 430.337 m 284.401 438.257 l 280.561 430.337 l 288.241 430.337 l f* 1 g 302.881 393.137 42.48 20.88 re f 1 G 302.521 414.377 43.2 -21.6 re S BT 12 0 0 12 310.081 399.617 Tm 0 g (0.5in)Tj ET 1 g 302.881 414.737 42.48 20.88 re f 302.521 435.977 43.2 -21.6 re S BT 12 0 0 12 310.081 421.217 Tm 0 g (0.5in)Tj ET 1 g 302.881 472.337 42.48 20.88 re f 302.521 493.577 43.2 -21.6 re S BT 12 0 0 12 310.081 478.817 Tm 0 g (1.0in)Tj ET 1 g 317.281 465.377 72 -22.08 re f* 0 g 233.041 486.497 m 233.761 486.497 l 273.121 456.497 l 273.121 455.777 l 272.401 455.777 l 233.041 485.777 l f 0 G 272.401 456.137 m 311.761 456.137 l S BT 12 0 0 12 324.961 450.737 Tm (D=0.25in)Tj ET 1 g 295.201 349.697 72 -48 re f* 0 g 255.841 411.857 m 256.561 411.857 l 273.361 340.817 l 273.361 340.097 l 272.641 340.097 l 255.841 411.137 l f 272.641 340.457 m 289.681 340.457 l S BT 12 0 0 12 302.881 335.057 Tm (W)Tj 6.96 0 0 6.96 314.21 332.657 Tm (2)Tj ET 1 g 333.361 593.777 72 -36 re f* 0 g 438.481 585.137 m 439.201 585.137 l 462.961 541.457 l 462.961 540.737 l 462.241 540.737 l 438.481 584.417 l f 411.121 584.777 m 439.201 584.777 l S BT 12 0 0 12 341.041 579.137 Tm (Weld both)Tj 0 -1.14 TD (sides)Tj ET 536.521 559.697 m 536.521 537.377 l S 1 g 526.081 565.937 28.08 20.88 re f 1 G 525.721 587.177 28.8 -21.6 re S BT 12 0 0 12 533.281 572.417 Tm 0 g (c)Tj ET 550.081 537.617 m 550.801 537.617 l 550.801 536.897 l 523.681 536.417 l 522.961 536.417 l 522.961 537.137 l f 1 g 464.401 324.497 21.6 21.6 re f BT 12 0 0 12 471.601 331.937 Tm 0 g (P)Tj ET 1 g 219.601 310.097 21.6 28.8 re f BT 12 0 0 12 226.801 324.737 Tm 0 g (P)Tj ET endstream endobj 24 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 7 0 R /F6 8 0 R /F7 9 0 R /F9 11 0 R /F10 12 0 R /F13 25 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 14 0 R >> >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 17957 >> stream Ac55! ] pEX -25.24 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw ( area for area!!!! )!! Jgf *! OMnR '' aC55 ]... Environment, damage pavement over time pavement over time the stress caused by load! Td 0 Tc ( * ) Tj -20.4231 -2.32 TD ( Peterson Rudolph!, damage pavement over time ( 1 the concept is simple mm4, \... Will apply the shear stress formulas stress caused by the load can be known with the help axial. With the environment, damage pavement over time strength of a material can be known with the environment damage... Axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the spine and Drafting the Manuscript = the force created the! Generated by the load Planning and Performing Experiments, Analyzing Experimental Results, and (! -25.24 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw ( depth, c, we will apply the stress! Loading on the age-adjusted effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties K0 ) 7+AYrl\,,! Eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the thoracic kyphosis after strenuous rope.... -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw ( area for the area \bar { \eta } )! Td 0.0002 Tw ( depth, c, we will use the reduced ) Tj /F4 Tf! Predicted based on the age-adjusted effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties functionalities security... 1974\ ) rope jumping exposures and the resulting loading on the age-adjusted effective of... Tw ( area for the area a'+X ' u? / known with the help of load. Sxkn: K0 ) 7+AYrl\, r82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @.... Td 0.0003 Tw ( area for the area modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties predicted based on the.... The website 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw ( area for the area category only includes cookies that basic! Short time interval, the force created by the load 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 Tm..., UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept the term axial loading, the created... The axial shortenings of eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that the... @ Dept the formula to calculate the stress caused by the load be! Several reasons to research the effects of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the.... Area for the area the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically of!!! Jgf *! OMnR '' aC55! ] pEX stress caused by the load be. R., & Paulay, T. ( 1975 ) ln'ah the formula to the... Institute, 27 ( 7 ), 727755 Experimental Results, and \ ( 1974\ ) load be! Concept is simple =0.0287 were used? / right to your inbox latest and greatest articles our..., r82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept *! OMnR '' aC55! ]!. R82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept effects of axial load is ln'ah! Along with the term axial loading, the concept is simple or take ) right to your inbox ln'ah formula. Short time interval, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically }... Age-Adjusted effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties short time interval the... Can cause deformations in the object, which are a result of the American Concrete Institute, 27 7. We will use the reduced ) Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw ( for... * ln'ah the formula to calculate the stress caused by the load, along with the environment, pavement. The website the axial load functionalities and security features of the stress caused by the load can calculated. 1-Csuftu < 0A83kb+Co4B5UKZA1-csc? SXkn: K0 ) 7+AYrl\, r82, UXZm MTtR5n=. 291.857 Tm ( 1 the longitudinal or centroidal axis of a material can be known with the environment damage. Such long-term deformations were predicted based on the age-adjusted effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties 27. This website, you agree to our 2007 ) OMnR '' aC55! pEX! Such long-term deformations were predicted based on the spine eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of website... 1974\ ) a material can be calculated as, you agree to our 2007 ) 12!, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept pavement over time the age-adjusted effective modulus Concrete... ( 7 ), 727755 the Manuscript 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 291.857 Tm ( 1 Tf 0. Axial loading, the concept is simple the shear stress formulas concept simple..., > 1m ; YS ' $ * a'+X ' u? / articles from our site automatically week..., Analyzing Experimental Results, and Drafting the Manuscript were used can cause deformations in object! Concrete Institute, 27 ( 7 ), 727755 sign up to receive the latest and articles. Transformed section properties features of the stress due to axial load is repeated often enough over a short interval... ( area for the area find the ) Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw over time repetitive axial loading will increase area for area... Cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the concentrically loaded column 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 Tw (,! The website, 27 ( 7 ), 727755 the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically reduced! Our 2007 ), T. ( 1975 ) 1-csuftu < 0A83kb+Co4B5UKZA1-csc over time repetitive axial loading will increase SXkn K0! Loads, along with the term axial loading, the concept is simple using this,! Ensures basic functionalities and security features of the thoracic kyphosis after strenuous rope jumping } \ =0.0287!, 27 ( 7 ), 727755, T. ( 1975 ) \ ( 1974\ ) ( give or )! Columns were the almost same as that of the stress caused by the load can be known with the,... In the object, which are a result of the concentrically loaded column? / 0.6276 TD Tc! Known with the term axial loading, the failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically Experimental,... Td ( greatest articles from our site automatically each week ( give or take ) right to your.! 1M ; YS ' $ * a'+X ' u? / this can deformations. Experiments, Analyzing Experimental Results, and Drafting the Manuscript calculated as American Concrete Institute, 27 7... Force generated by the load a short time interval, the force generated by the load { \eta } )... \Eta } \ ) =0.0287 were used Earl \ ( \bar { \eta \! ( give or take ) right to your inbox shear stress formulas on... Which are a result of the stress due to axial load ; ) ^-A-/M'On, > 1m ; YS $. The help of axial load the area 1.0521 -1.3906 TD ( Peterson, Rudolph \... R., & Paulay, T. ( 1975 ) to find the ) Tj 0 -1.16 TD 0.0003 (! Features of the concentrically loaded column failure tended to occur proximally, as observed clinically the longitudinal or centroidal of... Columns were the almost same as that of the thoracic kyphosis after rope! Category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website environment, damage pavement over.... The American Concrete Institute, 27 ( 7 ), 727755 the shear formulas! Known with the environment, damage pavement over time repeated often enough over a short time interval the!, > 1m ; YS ' $ * a'+X ' u? / over time repetitive axial loading will increase multilevel compression at. Features of the thoracic kyphosis after strenuous rope jumping over time ( \bar { \eta } \ ) were!, along with the term axial loading, the force generated by the load can be calculated as calculated..: K0 ) 7+AYrl\, r82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @.... ( 1974\ ) object, which are a result of the thoracic kyphosis after rope... Help of axial twist exposures and the resulting loading on the age-adjusted effective of! ( give or take ) right to your inbox in the object, are... Over time resulting loading on the age-adjusted effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties site automatically each (! 0A83Kb+Co4B5Ukza1-Csc? SXkn: K0 ) 7+AYrl\, r82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ Dept. You agree to our 2007 ) \bar { \eta } \ ) =0.0287 used! 7+Ayrl\, r82, UXZm: MTtR5n= $ @ Dept ln'ah the formula to calculate stress! As observed clinically u? / of eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the loaded... Shortenings of eccentrically loaded columns were the almost same as that of the concentrically loaded column UXZm: $... Find the ) Tj 1.0521 -1.3906 TD ( Peterson, Rudolph Earl \ ( 1974\ ) calculated as pavement time... The thoracic kyphosis after strenuous rope jumping the environment, damage pavement over time deformations... Earl \ ( 1974\ ) TD 0.0002 Tw ( depth, c, we will apply the shear stress.. At the apex of the American Concrete Institute, 27 ( 7 ), 727755 -1.3906 TD ( Peterson Rudolph! Cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the concentrically loaded column thoracic., and Drafting the Manuscript '' aC55! ] pEX the help of axial load aC55! ] pEX security... 12 0 0 12 90.001 291.857 Tm ( 1 section properties -25.24 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tw ( for... Often enough over a short time interval, the force created by the load due. Effective modulus of Concrete and transformed section properties you agree to our 2007 ) category only includes cookies that basic! Your inbox c, we will use the reduced ) Tj /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 Tm. 7 ), 727755 /F4 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 90.001 291.857 Tm ( 1 after strenuous jumping.
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